Psychology

UNIT 14: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY -Studying the way people relate to others Attitudes- A set of beliefs and feelings. Advertising is ALL based on attitude formation. Mere Exposure Effect Central Route v. Peripheral Route Advertising- Advertising is meant to sell a product How do you tell people to buy something they do not need? Social Thinking- Our behavior is affected by our inner attitudes as well as by external social influences Attitudes follow behavior Cooperative actions feed mutual liking Attitude and Behavior- Do attitudes tell us about someone?s behavior? LaPiere?s Study Cognitive Dissonance Theory- People want to have consistent attitudes and behaviors?.when they are not they experience dissonance (unpleasant tension) Usually they will change their attitude Compliance Strategies-

UNIT 10/11 Personality- a person?s pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting Type A Personality Feel time pressure. Easily angered. Competitive and ambitious. Work hard and play hard. More prone to heart disease than rest of population. Type B Personality Relaxed and easygoing. But some people fit in neither type. Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality Fathered by Sigmund Freud. Idea of the Libido moving to different parts of our body. Stages of Psycho-Sexual Development Oral Anal Phallic (Oedipus Complex) Latent Genital Sigmund Freud had an iceberg theory for our personalities- ego, superego, and id Conscious- things we are aware of. Preconscious- things we can be aware of if we think of them. Unconscious- deep hidden reservoir that holds the true ?us?. All of our desires and fears.

UNIT 5: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS When we are awake we are in a state of consciousness which is defined by our awareness of ourselves and our surroundings The iceberg example is used a means of explaining Freud?s theorem of the levels of consciousness- conscious, subconscious, unconscious Biological Rhythms Annual Cycles: seasonal variations (bears hibernation, seasonal affective disorder) 28 day cycles: menstrual cycle. 24 hour cycle: our circadian rhythm 90 minute cycle: sleep cycles. Circadian Rhythm Our 24 hour biological clock. Our body temperature and awareness changes throughout the day. It is best to take a test or study during your circadian peaks. Sleep Stages There are 5 identified stages of sleep. It takes about 90-100 minutes to pass through the 5 stages.

PHRENOLOGY -Invented by Franz Gall in the early 1800?s -A theory that claimed that bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities and character traits The Nervous System It starts with an individual nerve cell called a NEURON Neuroanatomy Synapse Synapse How does a Neuron fire? Resting Potential: slightly negative charge Reach the threshold when enough neurotransmitters reach dendrites Go into Action Potential All-or-none response Transfer of ions across axon?s membrane causes electrical charge Neural Communication Types of Neurotransmitters Serotonin Involved in mood, sleep and wakefulness, eating, & aggressive behaviors Lack of serotonin has been linked to depression, anxiety, insomnia, OCD Norepinephrine