Chapter 12 Study Cards

Use these cards to study for the chapter 12 quiz

	A period of history referring to the Presidency of James Monroe, where the bitter rivalry between the Federalists and Republicans ended. 1816-1824
	The treaty in1819 between the United States and Spain where the U.S. acquired Florida in exchange for dropping all claims to present day Texas, and assuming $5 million dollars in claims against Spain by U.S. citizens for attacks by the Seminoles.
	A key foreign policy made by President Monroe in 1823. It declared the western hemisphere off limits to new European colonization and in return, the US promised not to meddle in European affairs.
	In 1820, there were 11 free states and 11 slave states in the United States. When Missouri applied for statehood, it upset the balance between free and slave states. Senator Henry Clay proposed the Missouri Compromise which would admit Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. As part of the Missouri Compromise, Congress drew an imaginary line at latitude 36,30 N and slavery would be permitted in the Louisiana Purchase south of this line.
	United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852)
	The three-part plan developed by Henry Clay that stressed a strong banking system, protective tariffs, and a network of roads and canals. Clay's plan was essential in developing a strong economy for the United States, but it was never passed by the Congress.
	The first road built by the federal government. It ran from Maryland to present day West Virginia.
	One of the first major improved highways in the United States, built by the federal government. ..a route from Cumberland, Maryland through Illinois, one of the major thoroughfares for immigrants and manufactured goods during the first half of .
	Was completed in 1825 and linked Lake Erie to the Hudson River. It was very important to the Industrial Revolution and allowed goods to flow between the great lakes and NYC.
	decided by the House of Representation. Andrew Jackson won the popular vote but the house chose John Quincy Adams to be president.
	Name for the deal struck between Adams and Clay that if Adams makes Clay Secretary of State, Adams will be guaranteed victory.
	this term describes the spirit of the age led by Andrew Jackson. During this period, more offices became elective, voter restrictions were reduced or eliminated, and popular participation in politics increased. The Democratic Party, led by Jackson appealed to the new body of voters by stressing the belief in rotation in office, economy in government, governmental response to popular demands and decentralization of power.
	Formed in 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson. It was the party of the working class and the common man.
	South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification
	An 1828 protective tariff, or tax on imports, motivated by special interest groups. It resulted in a substantial increase in duties that angered many southern free traders.
	Jackson vs. Adams. Record turnout with voters, Jackson wins with 56% of the votes.
	Served as secretary of state during Andrew Jackson's first term, vice president during Jackson's second term, and won the presidency in 1836
	Senator from Massachusetts who spoke strongly against the Nullification Act.
	Law passed by South Carolina that said states could nullify federal laws that they believed were unconstitutional. It also stated that the states may rebel if the government tries to force them to follow the law. Used the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions as a precedent for their decisions.
	Began when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union if the federal gov't tried to collect tariffs duties in their state.
	1819, Cheif justice john marshall limits of the US constition and of the authority of the federal and state govts. one side was opposed to establishment of a national bank and challenged the authority of federal govt to establish one. supreme court ruled that power of federal govt was supreme that of the states and the states couldnt interfere
	State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank.
	President of the Second Bank of the United States.
	Law signed by President Jackson requiring lands in the west be paid for with gold or silver. A primary cause of the panic of 1837.
	a financial panic that was caused by Jackson's presidential order for specie circular (gold/silver or securely backed paper money, that was sparked by a preceding speculation boom) in all governmental transactions, which was sparked by his desire to curb speculation. This causes a rush on the banks to get gold/silver/money, and the banks fail, because the "pet banks" had recently had a federal surplus withdrawn so that the states could receive what amounted to a subsidy. Without a central bank, the economy tanks, and people think that its Van Buren's fault.
	9th President of the United States, was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
	William Henry Harrison's slogan used (fake) in election of 1840 against Van Buren. Beg. of mudslinging.
	Sauk leader who in 1832 led Fox and Sauk warriors against the United States (1767-1838)
	a group of people that was led by black hawk back to Illinois
	Law passed by Congress and supported by Andrew Jackson allowing the U.S. government to take the Native American eastern homelands and force them to move west of the Mississippi River.
	The 1st Native American group to be removed under the Indian Removal Act.
	Removed by the government in 1836, 14,500 led to Oklahoma, many in chains.
	Removed to Indian territory in 1837-1838, suffer high casualties from starvation, and exposure to the cold.
	Adopted European ways because they believed they could keep their land if acted as white man. Had newspaper, charter. They were farmers and elite owned slaves. Developed an alphabet where 20% became literate (more than whites)
	Worchester v. Georgia: 1832 - The Supreme Court decided Georgia had no jurisdiction over Cherokee reservations. Georgia refused to enforce decision and President Jackson didn't support the Court. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia: 1831 - The Supreme Court ruled that Indians weren't independent nations but dependent domestic nations which could be regulated by the federal government. From then until 1871, treaties were formalities with the terms dictated by the federal government.
	invented a written language for his people the Cherokees
	1838-1839; 800 mile march of the Cherokees to Indian Territory; so known because thousands died from disease, starvation, and the difficulties of relocation
	The Seminoles joined forces with run away slaves and fought against the Americans to protect their lands in Florida. They would use guerilla tactics to fight against the USA. The Seminoles and Slaves eventually won.
	Seminole leader who resisted the removal of his people from Florida in the 1830s. He died under suspicious circumstances after being tricked into surrendering (1837).
	The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.
	Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule
	An area to which Native Americans were moved covering what is now Oklahoma and parts of Kansas and Nebraska
	this was created by Congress to oversee federal policy toward American Indians
	Formed in opposition to Jackson's policies, especially the national bank. Harrison was nominated by this party and won the election of 1840
	elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died (1790-1862)
	1838-1839; 800 mile march of the Cherokees to Indian Territory; so known because thousands died from disease, starvation, and the difficulties of relocation
	Employed by Jackson. System by which the victorious political party rewarded its supporters with government jobs.
	Andrew Jackson's unofficial group of political advisors. It included figures such as Roger Taney, Andrew Donelson, William Lewis and Martin Van Buren.
	was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
	Whigs' campaign slogan in the 1840 election.
	The Party supporting John Quincy Adams in the election of 1824