The Cell
Everything to do with animal cells needed for SK277
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| The energy currency of the cell. | ||
| The extension of a neuron that carries information away from the cell body | ||
| Opposite the apical membrane, (e.g. in gut epithelial cells it is in contact with the bloodstream) | ||
| Opposite the basal membrane, (e.g. in gut epithelial cells it is in contact with the lumen) | ||
| Programmed cell death | ||
| The boundary layer of the cell; a double layer of phospholipid molecules. | ||
| The unit of which all living things are composed | ||
| The use of oxygen by cells to provide energy, normally from oxidation of glucose | ||
| Structures inside the nucleus, made of DNA and protein, which carry the cell's hereditary information | ||
| The fluid contents of the cell | ||
| Short neuronal processes (extensions of the neuronal cell body) that conduct information towards the cell body of the neuron | ||
| The process by which a cell engulfs and ingests extracellular material | ||
| Extrusion of material from the cell via vescicles fusing with the cell membrane | ||
| Refers to something that is produced inside an organism or cell | ||
| System of membranous sacs permeating the cytosol. Does not contain ribosomes. | ||
| System of membranous sacs permeating the cytosol. Contains ribosomes. (synthesises proteins) | ||
| A class of proteins all of which function as biological catalysts | ||
| Red blood cells | ||
| Outside the cell | ||
| Inside the cell | ||
| The material between cells in tissues, made up of polysaccharides and proteins (e.g. collagen and elastin) | ||
| The cells that can fuse to generate a new individual. (i.e. eggs and sperm) | ||
| A collection of cell bodies of neurons in the peripheral nervous system | ||
| A length of DNA that carries a particular instruction | ||
| complete collection of genes in a cell | ||
| Non-neuronal cells found within the nervous system that provide essential supportive and nutritive functions towards neurons | ||
| Flattened membranous sacs in which manufactured proteins are packaged often for export out of the cell | ||
| The term for having one set of chromosomes, e.g. germ cells | ||
| The term for having two sets of homologous chromosomes, e.g. in most cells but not germ cells | ||
| "Water loving", has a tendancy to associate with water molecules | ||
| "Water hating" has a tendancy to associate with non polar molecules and away from water | ||
| The fluid that bathes and nourishes the body cells | ||
| Chemicals such as acetoacetate, made by cells in the body when glucose is in short supply | ||
| A collective term for all the various types of white cell | ||
| Organelle responsible for intracellular digestion, required for the destruction of pathogenic microbes and the recycling of materials | ||
| A type of cell division that results in the production of four haploid daughter cells | ||
| Organelle responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP (energy currency) | ||
| Type of cell division that occurs in growth and repair - one cell divides into two identical cells | ||
| The shape of an organism or cell | ||
| The description of an organism consisting of many cells | ||
| Type of cell in the nervous system whose function is to transmit information in the form of electrical potentials | ||
| A membrane bound structure within a cell, which containes the chromosomes | ||
| Genes that can turn a cell into a cancerous cell by the promotion of uncontrolled cell growth and division | ||
| Membrane bound structure in the cytosol (e.g. nucleus, mitochondrion) | ||
| Process whereby a phagocytic cell engulfs a target and destroys it | ||
| These make up the membrane layer of cells and consist of a phosphate group and fatty acid 'tails'. | ||
| Genes that promote cell growth and cell division in normal healthy cells | ||
| Cellular reaction that uses oxygen and glucose to produce ATP, waste products produced are carbon dioxide and water | ||
| Particle composed of RNA and protein, site of protein synthesis in the cell, normally attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (can also be free in the cytosol) | ||
| Helps the cell to maintain its shape, attached to inner surface of cell membrane | ||
| Molecules within the cell that transmit information between different parts of the cell. They are responsible for opening receptorgated channels following the binding of transmitter molecules to receptors | ||
| The process of export of substances out of cells | ||
| A membrane that allows the passage of some substances but not others | ||
| a carrier protein located in the cell membrane that uses ATP to pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell via active transport | ||
| Not a germ cell, a diploid cell | ||
| A gamete, a haploid cell. | ||
| A component of cell membranes conferring rigidity | ||
| membranous sac found in cells used in exocytosis and endocytosis |