Ch 7- 8

	was characterized by a rise in immigration, the growth of railroads and industry, and the early beginnings of labor unions.
	the growth of cities contributed to problems with sanitation, overcrowded housing, and understaffed fire and police departments
	founded Hull House in Chicago.
	was one of the most significant "settlement houses" in the U.S.
	was passed to decrease Chinese immigration.
	multi-storied buildings built to house large numbers of immigrants.
	changed the civil service system from a patronage system to a merit system.
	is rewarding one's political supporters with government jobs.
	is a sense that native born Americans are superior to immigrants; Nativism made it difficult for immigrants to assimilate (blend in) into American society.
	is committing a corrupt act to satisfy your greed (your own personal gain.
	the headquarters of the Democratic political machine led by William "Boss" Tweed.
	European immigrants entered the U.S. through this place.
	Most Asian immigrants entered through here and experienced lengthy delays and a much more difficult immigration process.
	was an effort to assimilate people of various cultures into the dominant "American" culture.
	was a compromise between Japan and the U.S. that helped end the segregation of Japanese students in the San Francisco public schools.
	was invented by George Eastman.
	were space-saving structures made possible by developments like better quality steel and elevators
	the first American city to electrify its mass transit system with electric trolley cars
	considered the "eighth wonder of the world" at the time, connected the New York section of Brooklyn and the island of Manhattan
	founded the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute
	was a effort to enable African Americans to teach and to do agricultural, domestic, or mechanical work.
	led the Niagara Movement
	urged African Americans to earn degrees in liberal arts and provide the community with well-educated African American leaders.
	were added to public schools in an effort to provide an educational environment for young children of working mothers.
	the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public facilities (schools, etc...) was perfectly legal.
	were a collection of discriminatory measures aimed at depriving African Americans of their rights Poll taxes -charging a fee for the privilege of voting
	having to pass a test to demonstrate your qualifications to vote
	was a common form of vigilante justice in the South
	was an African American journalist who crusaded for racial justice after three of her friends were lynched.
	is a system of involuntary labor in which a debtor (someone who owes money) is forced to work until his debt is paid
	is the emphasis on "sin, sex, and sensation" in headlines to sell more papers.
	Popular spectator sports at the turn of the century
	(like Coney Island in New York) were popular sources of entertainment in the major cities.
	allowed whites to vote if their grandfather was eligible to vote before 1867,to allow whites who failed the literacy test to still vote in elections.
	was designed to help those in need (particularly immigrants) overcome problems often associated with the rapid growth of cities in the late 1800s.
	Department stores like this expanded their sales through the use of mail-order catalogs and the creation of "chain" stores.
	won the support (and the votes) of immigrants by helping them get jobs and housing
	political cartoonist whose work helped turn public opinion against Tweed and led to an investigation that revealed many illegal practices.
	persuaded the San Francisco schools to end segregation policy in exchange for Japan limiting the number of Japanese emigrating to the United States.
	competed to capture mass audiences by using sensationalism
	expanded its service with RFD (rural free delivery) to include virtually every home in the U.S.
	an architect who led a movement calling for the establishment of parks and natural areas within major cities; Central Park in New York City is a prime example of this.
	helped establish kindergartens in public schools