Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism

	an American fort that commanded the upper great lakes and Indian inhabited areas to the south and the west. it was captured by the British and the Canadians in the early days of the war of 1812.
	British general who led fort Michilimackinac in its defense operations.
	an American frigate that had thicker sides, heavier firepower, and larger crews.
	Managed to build a fleet of green-timbered ships on the shores of lake Erie. Captured a British fleet in Lake Erie.
	General Harrison's army overtook the British at Detroit and Fort Malden
	naval officer who forced the invading British army near Plattsburgh to retreat on September 11, 1814; He saved the upper New York from conquest.
	defended New Orleans.
	British attacked American troops entrenched with riflemen and cannoneers. British suffered most devastating defeat in the entire war. Led by Andrew Jackson.
	went to Ghent for the signing. Both sides stopped fighting and conquered territory was restored.
	went to Ghent with Adams for the signing. Both sides stopped fighting and conquered territory was restored.
	treacherous new Englanders who supposedly flashed lanterns on the shore so that blockading British ships would be alerted to the attempted escape of American ships.
	Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island met in 1814 in Hartford, Connecticut for a secret meeting to discuss their disgust of the war and to redress their grievances. final report demanded: Financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade from embargos. Constitutional amendments requiring a 2/3 vote in Congress before an embargo could be imposed, new states admitted, or war declared. The abolition of slavery. That a President could only serve 1 term. The abolition of the 3/5 clause. The prohibition of the election of 2 successive Presidents from the same state.
	by 1814 a Virginian had been president for all but four years.
	a British-American agreement in 1817, which severely limited naval armament on the lakes. It symbolized better British American cooperation
	attained international recognition in the 1820's significantly as the nation's first writers of importance to use American themes and scenes.
	attained international recognition in the 1820's significantly as the nation's first writers of importance to use American themes and scenes.
	Congress instituted the 1st protective tariff, British companies were trying to make American factories die off by selling their British goods for much less than the American factories. The tariff placed a 20-25% tax on the value of dutiable imports. Over time, the tax price continued to rise, creating problems of no competition between companies.
	Henry Clay developed a plan for a profitable home market, It had 3 main parts: A strong banking system, to provide easy and abundant credit. A protective tariff, behind which eastern manufacturing would flourish. A network of roads and canals.
	president in 1816, nominated by the republicans, president during the era of good feelings.
	The time during the administrations of President Monroe, because the 2 political parties were getting along.
	the first financial panic since President Washington took office. The main cause was the over-speculation in frontier lands. The Bank of the United States became a financial devil to western farmers because it foreclosed many farms.
	authorized a buyer to purchase 80 virgin acres at a minimum of $1.25 an acre. The West also demanded cheap transportation and cheap money.
	It called for no more slaves to be brought into Missouri and called for the gradual emancipation of children born to slave parents already there. The amendment was later defeated by the slave states in Congress.
	Congress forbade slavery in the remaining territories in the Louisiana Territory north of the line of 36° 30', except for Missouri.
	declared the U.S. Bank constitutional by invoking the Hamiltonian doctrine of implied powers. He strengthened federal authority and slapped at state infringements when he denied the right of Maryland to tax the Bank.
	involved an attempt by the state of Maryland to destroy a branch of the Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on the Bank's notes.
	The idea that the constitution gets its power from the people. therefore, it permits the government to act for the benefit of the people. allows for constitutional adaptation.
	involved the Cohens appealing to the Supreme Court for being found guilty of illegally selling lottery tickets by the state of Virginia. Virginia won and the conviction was withheld.
	Georgia legislature granted 35 million acres to private speculators; the next legislature cancelled the bribery-induced transaction. John Marshall let the state give the acres to the private speculators calling it a contract and constitutional. The decision protected property rights against popular pressures.
	Dartmouth College was given a charter by King George III but New Hampshire wanted to take it away. John Marshall ruled in favor of the college.
	Expounding Father"; served in both the House and Senate.
	permitted the Americans to share the Newfoundland fisheries with the Canadians and provided for a 10-year joint occupation of the Oregon Country without a surrender of the rights or claims of either America or Britain.
	Spain ceded Florida, as well as Spanish claims to Oregon in exchange for America's abandonment of claims to Texas.
	British foreign secretary; asked the American minister in London if the United States would band together with the British in a joint declaration renouncing any interest in acquiring Latin American territory, and specifically warning the European dictators to keep their harsh hands off the Latin American republics.
	President Monroe, in his annual address to Congress, stated a stern warning to the European powers. Its two basic features were non-colonization and nonintervention. Monroe stated that the era of colonization in the Americas was over. Monroe also warned against foreign intervention. He warned Britain to stay out of the Western Hemisphere, and stated that the United States would not intervene in foreign wars.
	ratified in 1825. the russians fixed the southernmost limits of the border line at 50o 40', the present tip of the Alaskan panhandle.