Ch.16 "Reconstruction, 1865-1877"

	name given to the Southern fight for independence, indicating nobility despite defeat
	a federal agency, formed to aid and protect the newly freed blacks in the South after the Civil War.
	Freed men were promised this after the Civil War, but most never got it and it was taken away from those who did
	an order issued by Sheraman in January 1865 that gave each household of freed slaves 40 acres of land along the coast.
	Provided black people preferential access to public land
	In December 1863 Lincoln introduced the first Reconstruction scheme, the Ten Percent Plan, thus beginning the period known as Presidential Reconstruction. The plan decreed that when one-tenth of a state's prewar voters had taken an oath of loyalty to the U.S. Constitution, its citizens could elect a new state government and apply for readmission to the Union. In addition, Lincoln promised to pardon all but a few high-ranking Confederates if they would take this oath and accept abolition. The plan also required that states amend their constitutions to abolish slavery. Conspicuous in this plan was the stipulation that only whites could vote or hold office.
	A process led by the Radical Republicans that led to the usage of military force to protect blacks' rights.
	The Radical Republicans passed four Reconstruction Acts in 1868: (1) ratify the Fourteenth Amendment; (2) write new state constitutions that guarantee freedmen the right to vote; (3) form new governments to be elected by all male citizens including African Americans.
	A state could reclaim its proper place in the Union when 10 percent of its 1860 voters took the oath of allegiance, abolished slavery, and orgaized a state governmetn loyal to the Union.
	A plan in 1864 for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy. Lincoln refused to sign this bill because he thought it was too harsh.
	Stevens from Pennsylvania, Johnson adopted the theory of treating the south as conquered people and not as prior states
	The Southern states had relinquished their rights when they seceded. This, in effect, was suicide. This theory was used to justify the North taking military control of the South.
	Man behind the 14th Amendment, which ended slavery. Strong proponent of harsh treatment of the South, this man and President Johnson were absolutely opposed to each other. Known as a Radical Republican.
	senator from Massachusetts who was attacked on the floor of the Senate (1856) for antislavery speech; he required three years to recover but returned to the Senate to lead the Radical Republicans and to fight for racial equality. Sumner authored Civil Rights Act of 1875.
	Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves
	Provided African Americans with the same legal rights as whites.
	This abolished slavery in the United States.
	civil war amendment passed in 1868. Designed to free slaves and protect their rights at citizens. Protects rights against state infringements, defines citizenship, prohibits states from interfering with privileges and immunities, requires due process and equal protection, punishes states for denying vote, and disqualifies Confederate officials and debts
	16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)
	guaranteed blacks the right to vote
	Divided the South into five districts, each commanded by a union general and policed by Union soldiers to maintain order and protect civil rights. It temporarily disfranchised tens of thousands of former Confederates, required states to ratify the 14th Amendment if they wanted to be re-admitted to the Union, and states' constitutions had to allow former adult male slaves to vote.
	This act said that the President could fire no one appointed with Congressional approval unless Congress approved the removal.
	a formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office
	As Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton acted as a spy for the radicals in cabinet meetings. President Johnson asked him to resign in 1867. The dismissal of Stanton let to the impeachment of Johnson because Johnson had broken the Tenure of Office Law.
	southern whites who supported republican policy throught reconstruction
	northern whites who moved to the south and served as republican leaders during reconstruction
	founded by female union members and upper-class reformers. The objective was to be committed to persuading women to join unions.
	This group advocated civil service reform, an end of railroad subsidies, withdrawal of troops from the South, reduced tariffs, and free trade.
	terrorized African Americans, Jews, immigrants, and Catholics- membership reached up to 5 million, 1866, 6 Confed soldiers formed it and pretended to be ghosts of Confed soldiers whose goal was to get revenge against the "enemies" of the South.
	This unrest threatened the lives and the political and economic rights of all newly freed slaves. AKA Civil Rights Act of 1871
	After more than fifteen years of Reconstruction, Republicans lost interest in policing their former enemies. By 1877 the Redeemers had triumphed, all the former Confederate states had returned to the Union in the Compromise of 1877 following the disputed 1876 presidential election. Southern states now had all of their rights and many of their leaders restored to pre-Civil War conditions. Freed slaves remained in mostly subservient positions with few of the rights and privileges enjoyed by other Americans.
	Prohibited discrimination against blacks in public place, such as inns, amusement parks, and on public transportation. Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
	Samuel j. Tilden had 184 electoral votes Ruther Ford b. hayes had 165 electoral votes hayes got the 20 disputed votes but democrats were outraged
	1. Hayes (republican) gets the victory- election of 1876 2. Apportionment of one southerner to Hughes cabinet 3. Federal support for internal improvements 4. Federal aid for texas pacific railroad 5. Removal of federal troops from South
	19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history
	Democratic candidate for presidency in 1876 won popular vote but was one vote short in electoral college, as compromise the republican candidate (Hayes) became president if troops were withdrawn from South ending the Reconstruction era
	17th president of the United States, came to office after Lincoln's assassination and opposed Radical Republicans; he was impeached