NCLEX: Endocrine
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| Controlled primarily by the hypothalamus; termed :master gland: as it directly affects the function of other endocrine glands | ||
| Hyposecretion of ADH causing polyuria, polydipsia, hypernatremia, weight loss, and dehydration | ||
| Continued release of antidiuretic hormone resulting in water intoxication | ||
| Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones (insufficiency of cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens) | ||
| Symptoms include fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, hyperpigmentation, hypotension, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia | ||
| Sudden extreme weakness, severe abdominal, back, and leg pain; hyperpyrexia; coma; and death secondary to physical stress or trauma | ||
| A high protein, high carb diet and hydrocortisone treat ________ | ||
| Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causing upper body obesity, moon face, poor skin integrity, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, hypernatremia,hypokalemia, hirsutism, amenorrhea, elevated triglycerides, hypertension, and immunosuppression | ||
| a high protein, low carb, low sodium diet with potassium supplement treats _________________ | ||
| What condition can cause a peaked T wave? | ||
| Large doses of ________ should be given at 0800 to simulate normal excretion by the body (2/3 morning and 1/3 night) | ||
| Substances that affect carb, fat, and protein metabolism; affect stress reactions and the inhibition of the inflammatory process (cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone) | ||
| Regulate sodium and electrolyte balance (aldosterone, corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone) | ||
| Influence development of sexual characteristics (androgens, estrogens) | ||
| Stimulate the "fight or flight" response to danger; sympathetic nervous system response (epinephrine, norepinephrine) | ||
| Corticoids and sex hormones are secreted from the _______ of the adrenal glands, while the catecholamines are secreted from the _________ | ||
| Hypersecretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex causing hypokalemia, hypernatremia, hypertension | ||
| Benign tumor of adrenal medulla that causes hypersecretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine causing a hypertensive crisis, tachycardia, diaphoresis, apprehension, h/a, flight or fight, hyperglycemia | ||
| hyposecretion of thyroxine (T4) and T3 causing weakness and fatigue; increased sensitivity to cold, constipation, dry skin, unexplained weight gain, depression, facial edema, goiter, nonpitting puffy appearance | ||
| Medication to treat hypothyroidism | ||
| hyposecretion of thyroid hormone in fetus or neonate causing severe, irreversible mental retardation if not treated - requires lifelong HRT | ||
| Hypersecretion of thyroxine from immune system attacking thyroid gland causing anxiety, irritability, insomnia, tachycardia, tremors, diaphoresis, sensitivity to heat, weight loss, exophthalmos and photosensitivity, diarrhea, | ||
| Form of hyperthyroidism causing exophthalmos | ||
| ________________ manage tachycardia, anxiety, and tremors associated with hyperthyroidism | ||
| propylthiouracil blocks _______ hormone production - can cause agranulocytosis | ||
| Radioactive __________ treatment shrinks thyroid gland prior to surgery | ||
| Postoperatively for thyroidectomy, check for _____________ deficiency due to removal of parathyroid | ||
| A life-threatening complication of thyroidectomy which involves fever, tachycardia, delirium,and irritability | ||
| Hormone which acts as a catalyst; influences metabolic rate, growth, and development | ||
| Hyposecretion of calcitonin resulting in hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia | ||
| Signs of __________________ include paresthesia, muscle creamps and tetany, Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, alopecia, dry skin, and painful menstruation | ||
| __________ sign is muscle spasms and twitching around mouth, throat, and cheeks associated with hypocalcemia | ||
| ____________ sign is when the pressure from the blood pressure cuff induces muscle spasms in distal extremities with hypocalcemia | ||
| Hypersecretion of calcitonin resulting in hypercalcemia and hypophosphoremia causing loss of calcium from bones into serum, kidney stones and hyperuricemia, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, polyuria and polydipsia | ||
| Hydration and diuretics can enhance excretion of ______________ in patients with hyperparathyroidism | ||
| Increases blood glucose by converting glycogen to glucose | ||
| Stimulating active transport of glucose into muscle and adipose tissue | ||
| Promotes conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage | ||
| Promotes conversion of fatty acids into fat | ||
| Stimulates protein synthesis | ||
| Do not mix ___________- insulins with any other insulin or solution | ||
| Onset of action of rapid acting insulins | ||
| Peak of action of rapid acting insulins | ||
| Onset of action of short acting insulins | ||
| Peak of action of short acting insulins | ||
| Onset of action of intermediate insulins | ||
| Peak action of intermediate insulins | ||
| Onset of long-lasting insulins | ||
| Duration of long-lasting insulins | ||
| Replacing ________ is the first treatment of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma |