mnemonics
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| Beta-1 act primarily on heart. Beta-2 act primarily on lungs. | ||
| Atropine used to treat bradycardia. | ||
| Asthma Block (heart block) COPD Diabetes mellitus Electrolyte (hyperkalemia) | ||
| Digitalis (.5-1.5) Toxicity = 2. Lithium (.6-1.2) Toxicity = 2. Theophylline (10-20) Toxicity = 20. Dilantin (10-20) Toxicity = 20. APAP (1-30) Toxicity = 200. | ||
| Bradycardia & hypotension Anorexia Diminished pupilary size Analgesia Miosis Euphoria Respiratory depression Increased smooth muscle activity (biliary tract constriction) Constipation Ameliorate cough reflex Nausea and vomiting Sedation | ||
| Glycerol Urea Mannitol | ||
| ACE inhibitors Beta blockers Calcium antagonists Diuretics (sometimes vasoDilators also) | ||
| K-sparing diuretics Beta blockers ACE inhibitors NSAIDs K supplements | ||
| Cataracts Up all night (sleep disturbances) Suppression of HPA axis Hypertension/ buffalo Hump Infections Necrosis (avascular) Gain weight Striae Bone loss (osteoporosis) Acne Diabetes Myopathy, moon faces Depression and emotional changes | ||
| Air into NPH Air into Regular Draw up Regular Draw up NPH | ||
| Norepinephrene is secreted by the Sympathetic Acetylcholine is secreted by the Parasympathetic | ||
| Loop diuretics Osmotics Thiazides Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Aldosterone inhibitors Na (sodium) channel blockers | ||
| Amiodarone Cimetidine Aspirin Dapsone Erythromycin Metronidazole Indomethacin Clofibrates Quinidine Azapropazone Ciprofloxacin Statins | ||
| Dose Route Time Patient Med | ||
| Appearance: cyanosis--peripheral, central, none Pulse: pulse rate Grimace: response to stimulation Activity: movement of the baby (muscle tone) Respiration: respiratory rate | ||
| Hepatitis A and E transmitted by fecal-oral route. | ||
| Vertigo Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Slurred (or Staccato) speech Exagerrated broad based gait Hypotonic reflexes Dysdiadochokinesia. | ||
| Troponin CK-MB AST LDH1 | ||
| 1 Day: Rubella 2 Days: Scarlet fever/ Smallpox 3 Days: Chickenpox 4 Days: Measles (and see the Koplik spots one day prior to rash) 5 Days: Typhus & rickettsia (this is variable) 6 Days: Nothing 7 Days: Enteric fever (salmonella) | ||
| emPhysema has letter P (and not B) so Pink Puffer. chronic Bronchitis has letter B (and not P) so Blue Bloater. | ||
| Diuretics Alcohol Renal disease Kicked (trauma) · And, the attack occurs most often at night [thus "dark"]. | ||
| Left Atrium: Bicuspid Right Atrium: Tricuspid | ||
| From I to XII: Sensory Sensory Motor Motor Both Motor Both Sensory Both Both Motor | ||
| Appendicitis/ Abscess PID/ Period Pancreatitis Ectopic/ Endometriosis Neoplasia Diverticulitis Intussusception Crohns Disease/ Cyst (ovarian) IBD Torsion (ovary) Irritable Bowel Syndrome Stones | ||
| -----CNS causes include HEAD: Hypoxia/ Hypoglycemia Epilepsy Anxiety Dysfunctional brain stem (basivertebral TIA) -----Cardiac causes are HEART: Heart attack Embolism (PE) Aortic obstruction (IHSS, AS or myxoma) Rhythm disturbance, ventricular Tachycardia -----Vascular causes are VESSELS: Vasovagal Ectopic (reminds one of hypovolemia) Situational Subclavian steal ENT (glossopharyngeal neuralgia) Low systemic vascular resistance (Addison's, diabetic vascular neuropathy) Sensitive carotid sinus | ||
| Electrolytes LBBB Early repolarization Ventricular hypertrophy Aneurysm Treatment (eg pericardiocentesis) Injury (AMI, contusion) Osborne waves (hypothermia) Non-occlusive vasospasm | ||
| PROlactin stimulates the mammary glands to PROduce milk. Oxytocin stimulates the mammary glands to Ooze (release) milk. | ||
| 3A's: Three Airways: Airway obstruction, Anaphylaxis, Asthma 3P's: Three Pulmonary's: Pneumothorax, PE, Pulmonary edema 3C's: Three Cardiacs: Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, Cardiac ischemia, Cardiac tamponade 3M's: Three Metabolics: (DOC) DKA, Organophosphates (pesticides), Carbon monoxide poisoning | ||
| Prostate Thyroid Lung Kidney Breast | ||
| Central obesity/Comedones (acne) Urinary glucose increase Striae/ Suppressed immunity Hypercortisolism/ Hypertension/ Hyperglycemia/ Hirsutism Iatrogenic (Increased administration of corticosteroids) Noniatrogenic (Neoplasms) Glucose intolerance/ Growth retardation | ||
| Asthma Brochiectasis Chronic bronchitis Dyspnea [hallmark of group] Emphysema | ||
| Dilated superficial veins/ dscoloration Venography is gold standard Tenderness of thigh and calf | ||
| Vascular trauma Increased coagulability Reduced blood flow (stasis) | ||
| Acute tubular necrosis Vascular obstruction Infection Diffuse intravascular coagulation Glomerular disease Urinary obstruction Tubulointerstitial nephritis | ||
| Heat Induration Pain Edema Redness | ||
| Sugar (Glucocorticoids) Salt (Mineralcorticoids) Sex (Androgens) | ||
| Pain Paresthesia Paralysis Pulse Pallor (Paleness) | ||
| Daily Weight Intake and Output (I & O) Urine Output Response of BP Electrolytes Take Pulses Ischemic Episodes (TIA) Complications: 3C's (CAD, CHF, CVA) | ||
| Tetralogy of Fallot Truncus Arteriosus Tricuspid Atresia | ||
| Olfactory I Optic II Oculomotor III Trochlear IV Trigeminal V Abducens VI Facial VII Auditory (vestibulocochlear) VIII Glossopharyngeal IX Vagus X Spinal Accessory XI Hypoglossal XII | ||
| Rest Ice Compression Elevation | ||
| Temperature (Extremity, Infection) Ropes hang freely Alignment Circulation Check (5 P's) Type & Location of fracture Increase fluide intake Overhead trapeze No weights on bed or floor | ||
| Hemolysis Elevated Liver function tests Low Platelet count | ||
| Amniocentesis L/S Ratio Oxytocin test Non-Stress test Estriol level | ||
| Redness Edema Ecchymosis Discharge, Drainage Approximation | ||
| Choking Lie on back Evaluate Airway Feed Slowly Teaching -- Larger nipple opening Incidence increase in males Prevent crust formation and aspiration | ||
| Cane Opposite Affected Leg -- Walker With Affected Leg | ||
| Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Examine Fahrenheit Get Vitals Head to Toe Assessment Intervention | ||
| Allergies Medications Past Medical History Last Meal Events Surrounding Injury | ||
| Pulmonary Bronchial Constriction Possible Foreign Body Pulmonary Embolus Pneumothorax Pump Failure Pneumonia | ||
| Theophyline Dilantin Coumadin losone (Erythromycin) | ||
| Lidocaine Epinephrine Atropine Sulfate Narcan | ||
| Isoproterenol Dopamine Epinephrine Atropine Sulfate | ||
| Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation | ||
| Can't see (blurred vision) Can't spit (dry mouth) Can't pee (urinary retention) Can't **** (constipation) | ||
| Anemia Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia | ||
| Feeding difficulty Inspiratory Stridor Nares Flares Expiratory Grunting Sternal Retractions | ||
| Adrenergics (Albuterol) Steroids Theophylline Hydration (IV) Mask (Oxygen) Antibiotics | ||
| Tricuspid Pulmonic Mitrial Aortic | ||
| Morphine Oxygen Nitroglycerine ASA Thormbolytics Anti-Coagulants Stool Softeners | ||
| Upright Position Nitrates (in low dose) Lasix Oxygen Aminophylline Digoxin -- Fluids (decrease) Afterload (decrease) Sodium restriction Test (Dig level, ABGs, K level) | ||
| Drug and alcohol Eyes and ears Metabolic and endocrine disorders Emotional disorders Neurologic disorders Tumors and trauma Infection Arteriovascular disease | ||
| Alcohol Use Corticosteroid Use Calcium low E-trogen low Smoking Sedentary lifestyle/s | ||
| Acid-Base Problems Electrolyte Problems Intoxications Overload of fluids Uremic Symptoms | ||
| Banana Rice Apple Toasted Bread | ||
| Frequency Urgency Nocturia | ||
| Barley Rye Oats Wheat | ||
| Polyuria (excessive urination) Polydypsia (excessive thirst) Polyphagia (excessive hunger) | ||
| Kayexalate (orally/ enema) Insulin Na HCO3 Diuretics (Furosemide & Thiazides) | ||
| Medications - ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS Acidosis - Metabolic and respiratory Cellular destruction - Burns, traumatic injury Hypoaldosteronism, hemolysis Intake - Excesssive Nephrons, renal failure Excretion - Impaired | ||
| Muscle weakness Urine, oliguria, anuria Respiratory distress Decreased cardiac contractility ECG changes (peaked T at 6, prolonged PR at 7, absent P and wide QRS at 8-9) Reflexes, hyperreflexia, or areflexia (flaccid) | ||
| Fever (low grade), flushed skin Restless (irritable) Increased fluid retention and increased BP Edema (peripheral and pitting) Decreased urinary output, dry mouth | ||
| Convulsions Arrhythmias Tetany Spasms and stridor | ||
| Bleeding gums Ecchymoses (bruises) Epistaxis (nosebleed) Petechiae (tiny purplish spots) | ||
| Overflow incontinence (loss when specific volume reached) Urge incontinence (loss from contraction that follows strong, sudden need) Total incontinence (complete loss of urinary control, as from a nonfunctioning urethral sphincter muscle) Stress incontinence (loss of small amounts of urine when abdominal pressure increases through cough, sneeze, laugh) | ||
| Wind (pneumonia) Water (dehydration) Wound (infection, dehisence) Walking (PE) Wonder drug (wrong antibiotic) | ||
| Toxin or other lethal (cytotoxic) substance Infection Physical insult or injury Deficit, or lack of water, oxygen, or nutrients. | ||
| Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that doesn't heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious changes in a wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness. | ||
| Atrial Pulmonic Erb's point Tricuspid Matrial | ||
| Sick- easier to get sick Sad-causes depression Sex-increases libido Salt-retains more and causes weight gain Sugar-raises blood sugar | ||
| Muscle Respiratory Digestive Integumentary Circulatory Endocrine Reproductive Urinary Nervous Skeletal | ||
| Stupor/coma Anorexia, N&V Lethargy Tendon reflexes decreased Limp muscles (weakness) Orthostatic hypotension Seizures/headache Stomach cramping | ||
| Breasts Uterus Bladder Bowel function Lochia Episiotomy Homan's sign Emotional Status Respiratory System | ||
| Hot and dry = sugar high Cold and clammy = need some candy | ||
| Lactic Uremic Salicylate Ketoacidosis | ||
| Starvation Alcohol DM | ||
| Kidney Neuropathy Infection Vascular (Cardio) Eyes Skin lesions | ||
| Renal failure Exogenous Pituitary Liver failure Alcohol Infection Neoplasm (insulinoma) | ||
| Cough Anaphylaxis Palpitations Taste Orthostatic↓BP Potassium (↑K+) Renal impairment Impotence Leucocytosis | ||
| Fat Fluid Feces Flatus Fetus | ||
| Amantadine Levodopa Bromocriptine MAO inhibitors | ||
| Drugs: opiates Drops: meds for glaucoma Nearly dead: damage in the pons area of the brainstem | ||
| Fear: panic, extreme anxiety Fits: seizures Fast Living: cocaine, crack, phencyclidine (PCP) | ||
| Delirium Restricted mobility, retention Infection, inflammation, impaction Polyuria, pharmaceuticals | ||
| Latch achieved by infant Audible swallow Type of nipple Comfort of mother Help given to mother with nursing | ||
| Follicle stimulating hormone Lutinizing hormone Adrenocorticotropin hormone Growth hormone Thyroid stimulating hormone Oxytocin Prolactin | ||
| Malignancy Diuretics (thiazide the main culprit) Parathyroid (hyperparathyroidism) Immobilization/ Idiopathic Megadoses of vitamins A,D Paget's disease Sarcoidosis Milk alkali syndrome Endocrine (Addison's disease, thyrotoxicosis) | ||
| Cushing is gushing cortisol. Addison's patient's cortisol doesn't add up. | ||
| Infection Ischaemia (cardiac, mesenteric) Infarction Ignorance (poor control) Intoxication (alcohol) | ||
| Dehydrated Ketones/ Kussmaul breathing/ K drops Acidosis | ||
| Diuretics Dehydration Diabetes insipidus Docs (iatrogenic) Diarrhea Disease: kidney, sickle cell, etc | ||
| Renin-angiotensin mechanism Na concentraton in blood ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) Stress | ||
| Raynaud's Ischemia of a limb Pulmonary hypertension Erectile dysfunction Peptic ulcers Induce labor |