Chapter 03 - Planting Colonies in North America
The Spanish and French in North America
- In the 16th century Spain and France were the only European powers in North America
New Mexico
- Spain went up North to New Mexico
- Found the Pueblo people but they had no gold = lost interest
- The Church however got the Spanish to sponsor a missionary conquest = some settlement
- However since there was no treasure there were no immigrants
The 1st Communities of New France
- Quebec was claimed for France by Samuel de Champlain
- Sent agents 'into the woods to live with the FNP"
- Seigneurs and Habitant system
- Adopted FRNP farming techniques
- Mississippi Empire
- By 1700 population was only 15000
The English in the Chesapeake
- 1st attempt to colonize was in 1580's
- Newfoundland and Roanoke
- Paused during war against Spain
Jamestown & the Powhatan Confederacy
- Virginia Company (Joint Stock Company)
- Powhatan and the Algonquians numbered 20,000
- Smith plundered Algonquians = Powhatan starves the English out
- White's don't want to trade but they do conquer
- This strategy was used by Spain and not by France
- Colonists starved
- Of the 900 men only 60 survived
- More men came and they soon controlled the area
Tobacco, Expansion and Warfare
- Tobacco caused colonists to settle in Virginia
- John Rolfe developed hybrids to start industry
- England and France only sent men, while Spain send both
- Society of Exclusion
- One last attack by Algonquians (led by Powhatan's brother) failed
- Just before the war ended the Virginia Company went broke
- Virginia became a royal colony with a legislature (House of Burgesses)
- Economy took off
Maryland
- King Charles, gave 10 million acres to Lord Baltimore (Calverts)
- Propriety colony = Calverts were the only owners
- Catholic Colony
- House of Representatives
Indentured Servants
- 75% of new manpower came in the form of indentured servants
- fixed term, then freedom
- If servant escaped and captured the term of service was lengthened
- When term ended the servant would get supplies
- Unique to the English colonies
- Spain used FNP labor
- France didn't need labor
Community Life on the Chesapeake
- Women were scarce = valuable = powerful
- Bonds were weak because of high death rates
- Close ties with England
- Crude housing
Values of Puritanism
- John Calvin wanted to make Christianity "pure"
- Valued enterprise and hard work
- Were very powerful in England
- King James was not as tolerant as Elizabeth = kicked out
Early Contacts in New England
- North was controlled by the French and the Dutch
- Disease wiped out Indian though = no furs for French and the Dutch
- Could not fight England
Plymouth Colony and Mayflower Compact
- Pilgrims, religious dissenters
- Established Plymouth, sailed from Mayflower
- 1st document of government power in North America
- Many died in the winter, rescued by the FNP = thanksgiving
- Alliance for food
The Massachusetts Bay Company
- Puritans needed to move or be persecuted
- Salem was the first settlement
- "city on a hill" mentality
- 20,000 people
- Boston was the biggest settlement
- Company transferred control to the government
- All church men were freemen
- Could elect delegates
- Bicameral division of authority (delegates, and magistrates)
Indians and Puritans
- English were not interested in trade
- "Unused" lands taken
- Tricked FNP into giving land
- Indians were fined land for breaking English law
- Algonquians eventually surrendered
- Disease killed inland FNP = Europeans moved in
New England Communities
- Puritans and Charles I (James' son)
- Puritans win as Charles was tolerant
- Oliver Cromwell (puritan)
- Ruled England
- New England economy was based on newcomers
- No single crop = had to diversify
- Ships, lumber, fish
- Shipping industry was the biggest in the colonies
- Public Education in New England
- Girls could not attend
Politics of Gender in Massachusetts
- Puritans stressed Family
- Town center
- Mom and Dad farms
- Women relied on men
- Witchcraft scare in Salem
Dissent in North West Communities
- Puritans had little tolerance for other views
- Tom Hooker argued with the Puritans
- Established new colony of Connecticut at Hartford
- Roger Williams wanted separation of Church and state and religious tolerance
- Settled in Providence, Rhode Island
The Restoration Colonies
- Cromwell dies-Stuart monarchy restored by Charles II
- Southern colonies were to be propriety colonies (like Maryland)
- First southern settlement was Charleston
- People came from the overpopulated Barbados
New Netherlands and New York
- Dutch were powerful
- English fleet take over Manhattan
- War with Dutch = decline in Dutch power
- Named New York to honor king's brother the Duke of York
- Many cultures came from the Dutch legacy
- Multicultural center of America
Pennsylvania
- Property rights of Pennsylvania went to Will Penn
- Quakers were tolerant and pacifists
- Philadelphia was the capital of Pennsylvania
- Pennsylvania was the city of brotherly love and the center of liberalism
- Fair with Algonquians
- Lands must be purchased from FNP
- Philadelphia became most important port
Conflict and War
- King Philip's War, FNP and New England fight to get land back
- Bacon's Rebellion, backcountry settlers attack FNP
- In the South Brits incite Cherokees to attack Spain in Florida
- The Glorious Revolution of America, Massachusetts, New York, and Maryland rebel against colonial government of James II
- King William's War, England and France fight in the outskirts of New England
| Attachment | Size |
|---|---|
 Chapter3.doc [1] | 5.33 KB |
Subject:
US History [2]
Subject X2:
US History [2]