AP Biology Test #2
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| Cell Doctrine was created by | ||
| proposed that all cells come from other cells. Added to cell doctrine. | ||
| a) All living things are composed of cells and cell products. b) Activities of cellular sum = coordinated activities of cells c) All cells come from pre-existing cells | ||
| All cells function in ______ | ||
| 2.5 million | ||
| All living cells have a _______ | ||
| a series of linked reactions in the cell | ||
| Metabolic pathways can be _______ (A->B->C) or _________ | ||
| breaking down molecules. Release energy. | ||
| Building up molecules. Absorb energy. | ||
| A process that utilizes an electron beam to produce an image of the three-dimensional surface of biological samples; the sample is coated with a thin layer of a heavy metal such as gold or palladium and then exposed to an electron beam | ||
| a laboratory technique that uses a centrifuge to separate cytoplasmic organelles from one another | ||
| Is continuous with other membranes in cell. | ||
| Chromatin | ||
| Advocated a phospholipid-protein sandwich. INCORRECT. | ||
| Phospholipid bilayer, fluid, dynamic, always moving | ||
| 2 Types of Proteins in membranes | ||
| Has Ribosomes for Protein Synthesis | ||
| Messenger RNA goes between the small + large subunits of Ribosomes to make proteins | ||
| Synthesizes lipids | ||
| Vesicles from ER go into the ______ at the ________ and come out in finished vesicles. | ||
| For digestion | ||
| Made when food particles fuse with Lysosomes. Does hydrolysis to break up molecules. | ||
| Hydrolitic enzymes | ||
| Do plant cells have centrioles? | ||
| Do plant cells have a central vacuole? | ||
| Cellulose | ||
| Chloroplast | ||
| Stacks in Chloroplasts | ||
| Space inside Chloroplasts | ||
| East disk in stacks in Chloroplasts | ||
| Space between disks in Chloroplasts | ||
| Channels from inside one cell to inside another cell | ||
| Folds in Mitochondrion | ||
| Matrix between Cristae | ||
| Mitochondria have | ||
| 20 nm across. Hollow. Made of Tubulin, a dimer. 2 nm hollow microfilaments made of Actin. | ||
| Break down peroxide and purines. Both plants and animals have them. Crystalline structure. | ||
| 2 Centrioles. Made of Microtubules. | ||
| For movement | ||
| Cilium anchored by _____ | ||
| Microtubules interact through protein using ATP, make Cilia & Flagella move | ||
| Glue holding cells in place. Proteins go back and forth gluing. | ||
| Cells are VERY close, electricity can be conducted directly through them. | ||
| Cells aren't touching, electricity can't jump the gap, so chemicals send the message. Ex: synapses in nervous system | ||
| splits a membrane along the middle of the phospholipid bilayer. when halves of the fractured membrane are viewed in the electron microscope the interior of the bilayer appears cobblestoned with protein particles interpersed in a smooth matrix as in the fluid mosaic model | ||
| process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated through pore or opening. | ||
| diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | ||
| Diffusion with help of protein channel. With concentration gradient. | ||
| Has a carrier (pump (ATPase)). AGAINST concentration gradient. Ex: Na+-K+ ATPase. | ||
| Stuff entering cell, makes vesicle inside cell. | ||
| Stuff leaving cell, vesicle goes back with membrane. | ||
| Endo/Exocytosis with PARTICULATE MATTER | ||
| Endo/Exocytosis with DISSOLVED MATTER | ||
| Specific stuff inside which binds to receptors. | ||
| the properties of solutions that depend on the number of particles dissolved in a solution | ||
| Force driving water either into or out of cells depending on membrane and concentration | ||
| If A has a higher concentration than B, then A is __________, and B is _________. If conc. of A = conc. of B, then _________. | ||
| CELL DOES NOTHING WHEN PLACED IN DISTILLED WATER | ||
| Higher concentration. Cell crenates. | ||
| Lower concentration. Cell swells. | ||
| Water pressure against cell wall | ||
| Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis has |