Judaism

	Jews who lived in or came from central Europe.
	"Son of the commandment" (Aramaic); the coming-of-age ceremony that marks the time when a young man is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community.
	"Daughter of the commandment" (Aramaic); the coming-of-age ceremony that marks the time when a young woman is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community.
	An ancient name for the land of Israel.
	A branch of Judaism that attempts to blend the best of old and new Judaism.
	A contract; the contract between the Hebrews and their God, Yahweh.
	The dispersion of Jews beyond Israel, particularly to Persia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean region.
	An early-winter festival recalling the rededication of the Second Temple, celebrated with the lighting of the candles for eight days.
	The destruction of European Judaism by the Nazis; also known as Shoah (Hebrew: "extermination").
	"Ritually correct"; said particularly about food consumption and food preparation.
	A candelabrum usually containing seven—and occasionally nine—branches used for religious celebrations.
	A savior figure to be sent by God, awaited by the Jews.
	The most traditional branch of Judaism.
	A joyful spring festival that recalls the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression.
	A person inspired by God to speak for him.
	A religious teacher; a Jewish minister.
	A modern liberal branch of Judaism that emphasizes the cultural aspects of Judaism.
	"Beginning of the year"; the celebration of the Jewish New Year, occurring on the seventh lunar month.
	"Rest"; the seventh day of the week (Saturday), a day of prayer and rest from work.
	Jews of Spain, Morocco, and the Mediterranean region.
	The complete Hebrew Scriptures, made up of the Torah, Prophets, and Writings.
	"Teaching," "instruction"; the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures; also the additional instructions of God, believed by many to have been transmitted orally from Moses through a succession of teachers and rabbis.
	The foundation stones of the western wall of the last temple of Jerusalem, today a place of prayer.
	The skullcap worn by devout males.
	Day of Atonement, the most sacred day of the Jewish year.
	The movement that has encouraged the creation and support of the nation of Israel.
	A movement beginning in the nineteenth century that questioned and modernized Judaism; a liberal branch of Judaism.