Biology Chapter 22
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| Multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls made of cellulose. develop from multicellular embryos and carry out photosynthesis. | ||
| diploid (2N) spore producing phase of a plants life-cycle., diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism | ||
| haploid (N) gamete producing phase of a plants life-cycle, the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations | ||
| Sunlight, water and minerals, gas exchange, movement of water and nutrients | ||
| The first plants evolved from an organism much like multicellular green algae. | ||
| algae(protist)--> moss,(water conducting vascular tissue) --> ferns,(seeds)--> cone bearing plants, --> angiosperms (flowering seeds enclosed in fruit) flowering plants | ||
| Mosses, Ferns, Gymnosperms(conifers), Angiosperms(flowering plants) | ||
| A moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that inhabits the land but lacks many of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants. Depends on water for reproduction | ||
| mosses, liverworts, hornworts | ||
| have rhizoids instead of roots; fuzzy green gametophyte; long slender sporophyte. Nonvascular | ||
| the hairlike fibers that anchor a moss to the soil and take in water from the soil | ||
| grows as a thick crust on moist rocks or soil along sides of streams. Small umbrella shaped structures for gametophyte stage. | ||
| small multicellular reproductive structures that allow liverworts to reproduce asexually | ||
| slender curved structures that look like horns; live in moist soil and often mixed with grass plants | ||
| sporophytes which produce haploid spores grow at the op of the gameotophyte plant, when the spores are ripe they are shed from the capsule the attach to a female gametophyte and make a new plant | ||
| mass of tangled green filaments in mosses that forms during germination | ||
| Location of sperm production in bryophytes. at the top of gametophytes | ||
| Location of egg production in bryophytes. at the top of gametophytes | ||
| tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body by xylem and phloem | ||
| Specialized cells to conduct water, key cells in xylem. | ||
| the vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move in some plants | ||
| the vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants | ||
| substance in vascular plants that makes cell walls rigid and allows them to grow tall | ||
| underground organs that absorb water and minerals | ||
| The main photosynthetic organs of vascular plants that contain vascular bundles | ||
| carry substances between roots and leaves; provide support for plant; holds leaves up to sunlight | ||
| bundles of vascular tissue | ||
| look like tiny pine trees, grow in moist woodlands and nearby streams | ||
| seedless vascular plant with jointed stems; needlelike branches | ||
| underground stems; leaves are called fronds; most common nonvascular plant | ||
| underground stems of ferns | ||
| leaves of a fern | ||
| multicellular organs that produce spores in vascular plants. found on bottom of fronds in ferns | ||
| a group of sporangia | ||
| in this plant, diploid sporophyte is dominant phase | ||
| seed plant that bears its seeds directly on the surfaces of cones | ||
| A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary then inside a fruit | ||
| the seed bearing structures of gymnosperms | ||
| the seed bearing structures of angiosperms | ||
| male gametophyte in seed plants | ||
| the transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants | ||
| the embryo of a plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply | ||
| an organism in its early stages of development (diploid) | ||
| protective outer layer of seeds of flowering plants | ||
| The reproductive structures unique to angiosperms | ||
| a wall of tissue surrounding a seed. not a leaf (attracts pollinators) | ||
| have one seed leaf (cotyledons) | ||
| has two seed leafs (cotyledons) | ||
| first leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant | ||
| a flowering plant that completes its entire life cycle within the space of a year | ||
| flowering plant that completes its entire life cycle in two years | ||
| A plant lasting for three seasons or more |