Biology Semester I Exam Review

	Science uses which system to measure items?
	Biology is the study of ______________.
	All living things __________ to make more of themselves.
	Living things adjust to a stimulus by a ______________.
	Questions arise from individuals __________ the world around them.
	The study of standards for what is right and wrong is called ______.
	Information gathered through experimentation.
	A structured procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis is called an _______.
	Applying science to the needs and problems of our society is called ________.
	A scientific explanation that's been tested over time is a _________.
	The part of a science experiment that's kept the same.
	Steps used in science that gathers information, tests hypothesis, and solve problems is called
	A testable explanation for a question or problem
	Research that's reported in numerical form with charts and graphs.
	A test of a hypothesis
	Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins are all large molecules called _____________.
	All carbon compounds are called ___________________.
	Carbon atoms must share ____________ electrons to be stable
	Burning of paper is an example of a ______________ reaction.
	Two or more elements chemically bonding together is called a _____________.
	Protons and neutrons are located in the __________ of an atom.
	Electrons move about the nucleus in regions called ____________.
	Proteins are made up of __________________.
	Water can dissolve many compounds because of its
	All living things are made up of _________.
	Which type of cells do not have a cell wall?
	When diffusion slow down and stops __________ is reached.
	Diffusion continues until there is no ____________.
	Proteins contain what element that fats and carbohydrates don't have?
	The first electron energy level can contain a maximum of ______ electrons
	Acids have a pH _______ than seven.
	Unsaturated fats contain ________ bonds
	pH of 13 is considered a strong ____________.
	Enzymes in the human body are ___________.
	Non-metals like chlorine typically will _________ electrons to become stable.
	N₂O₂ has how many total atoms?
	all life is made of cells which are the basic units of life and must come from preexisting cells is called the ________.
	First to describe cells
	The type of microscope which has the greatest magnification
	A cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles is termed ____________.
	The cell membrane is made up of a ________________.
	Water moves out of a cell when the cell is placed in a ________ solution like sugar water.
	Water moves into a cell when the cell is placed in a _________ solution.
	When a cell moves particles from an area of lesser concentration to greater concentration it uses ________.
	Water leaving or entering a cell does so through a process known as __________.
	What part of a cell maintains the cells homeostasis?
	A gene is a segment of DNA that controls the production of ________.
	Viruses, environmental influences and radiation are examples of things that can cause _________.
	What monitors the cell's cycle from phase to phase?
	What phase is identified by chromosomes lining up along the cell's mid-line?
	The longest phase of the cell's cycle.
	Chlorophyll is located in what organelle?
	Green pigment that traps light energy is called ____________.
	In order for your body to undergo reactions and normal body function, it requires _____.
	What are the two products of photosynthesis?
	The process which burns glucose to produce energy.
	When parts of homologous chromatids exchange places with one another which creates genetic recombinations.
	A device used to show the offspring combinations of two parents.
	Two alleles; one dominant and one recessive is said to be ______.
	Mendel's law that states only one factor from each parent is passed to the offspring is called _______.
	The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called __________.
	A cell containing the full set (2) alleles for each trait is said to be _____.
	The gamete produced by the mother.
	The percent chance a couple will always have a boy is _______.
	Looking at the physical features of a dog will provide the dog's ________.
	What cell division reduces the number of chromosomes by 1/2?
	The process of a sperm uniting with an egg is called __________.
	Alternate forms of a gene are called ______________.
	Guanine always bonds to what nitrogen base?
	When a portion of a chromosome is missing or breaks off.
	The shape of the DNA molecule.
	What could be one result of mutated skin cells of a person?
	When DNA is copied, these pair up to form a new strand.
	Is made up of one sugar, base and a phosphate group.
	The sugar of a DNA molecule.
	The sugar of a RNA molecule.
	Replaces the Thymine in an RNA molecule.
	Process which forms Messenger RNA
	Put in order from largest to smallest: DNA, nucleotide, cell, chromosome, nucleus
	What part of the DNA molecule gets copied during transcription?
	The dropping off of amino acids for protein assembly is called ______.
	When a DNA segment has an added or lost nitrogen base it's called a _________ mutation.
	Pink flowers from red and white parent combination shows the trait is ____.
	The 23rd set of chromosomes is called ______.
	Males have XY chromosomes and females have sex chromosomes called _____.
	The most efficient type of respiration is ______.
	Sac of digestive enzymes
	Storage sacs
	Power-house of the cell (converts larger molecules into ATP for energy use)
	Folded membrane where reactions occur
	Thin strands of DNA
	Boundary of the cell
	Short hair-like; used for movement
	Control Center of Cell
	Converts light energy to chemical energy
	Phase the cell spends most of it's time in
	Chromosomes line up along midline
	Cell begins to undergo Mitosis by coiling up chromosomes
	Chromatids separate at the centromere
	Two new cells form
	Division of body cells
	Division of cells that will form gametes
	Putting amino acids together
	Converting light energy into glucose
	Known as Father of Genetics
	Compounds with the same chemical formula will differ in ________________
	Carbon-12 carbon-13 carbon-14 are examples of ___________
	The cell's cytoplasm can differ from the cell's surroundings due to the cell membrane's _________________
	Cancer rates for people will follow according to the country ____________
	Chromatids of a chromosome attach to spindle fibers by the ___________
	Which term is most complex: cell, organ system, organ or tissue?
	The energy molecule that cells use is called _________________
	The MAKING of a glucose molecule occurs through the process called _________
	The first step in BREAKING DOWN a glucose molecule
	The parent's ________________ are written on the top and side of a punnett square
	Reducing 78 chromosomes to 39 is the result of ___________
	The backbone of a DNA molecule is made up of a phosphate
	The process of a part of a chromosome breaking off and is added to a different chromosome is called _____________
	The process of DNA copying itself is called ___________________
	A DNA segment that's changed from CAT to GAT while being copied is called
	Royal hemophilia is the result of _____________ inheritance
	Blood types are the result of ______________ inheritance
	Most human genetic disorders are caused by
	the site of protein synthesis
	the breakdown of glucose to usable energy
	long whip-like extension of the cell used for movement
	jelly-like matrix that suspends organelles
	Ability to reproduce, high level of organization, growth, adaptation, responding to stimuli and requiring energy are all examples of
	The metric base unit for length is
	The metric unit commonly used for mass is _____ for small items and kilogram for heavier items.
	The metric unit for volume is
	The measured outcome of an experiment
	The variable being tested in an experiment
	water has slight charges on its ends due to unequal sharing of electrons causing a property called
	The attraction of a hydrogen atom of one water molecule to an oxygen atom of another water molecule forms
	Dissolving substances is a ___________ change since you can achieve the solid again by boiling the liquid
	Isotopes are the same atoms with different numbers of
	A substance that forms hydrogen ions in water is an
	metals and nonmetals form __________ compounds
	nonmetals form ___________ compounds with other nonmetals
	Known as the Father of Microscopy
	micrscope containing two lenses and used in common high school labs
	The three main parts of a cell
	What does ATP stand for?
	Enzymes attach to molecules called __________that undergo chemical reactions in the body
	The word equation for photosynthesis
	The light reaction and calvin cycle are two parts to ________________
	glycolysis, krebs and electron transport chain are all steps in
	__________ occurs after glycolysis if oxygen is absent
	total net ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule during aerboic respiration
	During the first step of respiration, glucose is broken down into
	uncontrolled division of cells creates a tumor that can spread resulting in
	During prophase I of Meiosis, homologous chromosomes (4 chromatids) which come together are called ___________
	The actual moving of homologous chromosomes to pair up during prophase I is called
	The phase of meiosis when homologous chromosomes line up in two lines along the mid-line of the cell is called
	The phase of meiosis when chromatids separate from each other
	The phase of meiosis when 4 haploid cells form is called
	Meiosis produces 4 sperm or 1 egg and 3 _________.
	Type of RNA that is a blue print of the DNA molecule which leaves the nucleus during protein synthesis
	Clover shaped RNA that picks up amino acids for transport to the ribosome
	A globular RNA that is combined with special protein that makes up a ribosome
	Guanine base binds to _________
	_____________ bonds to thymine on a DNA molecule or uracil on RNA.