Bio 101 Vocab

Chapters 1-3

	All environments on Earth that support life.
	All organisms living and non-living in a particular area.
	All organisms inhabiting a specific ecosystem.
	All individuals of a species living in a specified area.
	Any living thing.
	Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
	Several different types of tissues that function together for a specific purpose.
	Group of cells.
	The basic unit of a living organism.
	Sub-cellular structures. i.e: filaments, nucleus.
	Smallest unit of matter.
	New properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.
	The process of an individual organism growing organically.
	Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
	Archaea + Bacteria
	Unicellular. No nucleus.
	Live in extreme environments.
	Cells that do not have a nucleus or organelles.
	Cells that have a nucleus. i.e: Protists, fungi, animals, plants.
	Photosynthetic organisms that provide food for a typical ecosystem.
	Consumers of the ecosystem eat plants and other animals.
	An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems.
	Deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics.
	A gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism.
	atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem
	Kingdoms of life can be organized into 3 overarching groups: Doman Archaea, Doman Eukarya, Domain Bacteria
	Species living today are descendants of ancestral species.
	The idea that those best adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce.
	Scientific inquiry that focuses on describing nature.
	Uses data from Discovery science to explain science.
	A proposed explanation for a set of observations.
	A well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations.
	An experiment where all but one variable are kept constant.
	The variable being changed/manipulated.
	Anything that occupies space and has mass.
	A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means.
	A substance consisting of 2 or more elements combined. (H2O, CO2, NaCL)
	Subatomic Particle. Single positive electric charge.
	Subatomic Particle. Single negative electric charge.
	Subatomic Particle. No electric charge.
	An atom's central core containing protons and neutrons.
	Number of protons in an element.
	Sum of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
	Approx. equal to its mass number. Sum of protons and neutrons.
	Have the same number of Protons and Electrons but different number of Neutrons.
	Nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy.
	The distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom.
	Attraction, sharing or transfer of outer shell electrons from one atom to another.
	When Electrons are transferred.
	When Electrons are shared.
	Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
	A compound that consists of positive and negative ions. Metal/Nonmetal.
	Sharing of electrons. Non-metal/Non-metal.
	When two atoms share two pairs of electrons.
	An atoms attraction for shared electrons.
	Electrons are shared equally.
	Uneven sharing of electrons.
	A molecule containing polar covalent bonds.
	A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.
	The binding together of like molecules.
	Attraction between unlike molecules.
	A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.
	Amount of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in a body of matter.
	Measures the intensity of heat.
	A liquid consisting of a uniform mixture of two or more substances.
	The dissolving agent in a solution.
	A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
	One in which water is the solvent.
	A compound that donates hydrogen ions to solutions.
	A compound that accepts and removes hydrogen ions and removes them from a solution.
	potential of Hydrogen. Measures how acidic or basic a solution is. 0= most acidic, 14= most basic.
	Substances that minimize changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions.
	Refers to rain, snow, or fog with a pH lower than 5.6.
	The making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter.
	The starting material in a chemical reaction.
	The ending material in a chemical reaction.
	Carbon-based molecules.
	Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
	The chain of Carbon atoms in an organic molecule.
	Compounds with the same formula but different structures.
	A very large molecule consisting of many smaller structural units linked together.
	Long molecule consisting of many identical or similar building blocks strung together.
	The building blocks of Polymers.
	A reaction that removes a molecule of water.
	A chemical process in which polymers are broken down by adding water molecules to the bonds linking their monomers; essential part of digestion.
	Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells.
	The simplest Carbohydrate. Single-unit sugars.
	A sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharides linked together by a dehydration reaction.
	Polymers of monosaccharides linked together by dehydration reactions.
	A storage polysaccharide in plants, consists entirely of glucose monomers.
	Polysaccharide that stores glucose in animals. Stored in liver and muscle cells.
	A polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers.
	Complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi;also found in the external skeletons of arthropods.
	Fats, large, nonpolar organic molecules.
	Water-fearing. Referring to nonpolar molecules that do not dissolve in water.
	Large lipid made from Glycerol and Fatty acids. Fat aka Triglyceride.
	Having less than the maximum number of Hydrogens.
	Fats with the maximum number of Hydrogens are said to be saturated.
	Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings.
	Synthetic variants of the male hormone testosterone.
	Have an amino group and a carboxyl group. Building blocks of Protein.
	A polymer constructed from amino acid monomers.
	Covalent bond formed between amino acids.
	A polymer of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
	Polypeptide chains unravel, losing their specific shape and, as a result, their function.
	The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain.
	The second level of protein structure; parts of the polypeptide coil or fold into local patterns called secondary structure.
	Coiling of a polypeptide chain results in this kind of secondary structure.
	A certain kind of folding found in the coiling of a polypeptide chain.
	The third level of protein structure. Overall 3D shape of a polypeptide.
	The fourth level of protein structure. 2 or more polypeptide chains form a functional protein.
	Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins.
	Monomers that make up nucleic acids.
	Shape of a DNA. Two polynucleotides wrap around each other.
	An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. Thus, acquiring a charge.