AP U.S. History Unit 13: "The Rise of Mass Democracy"
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| rule by ordinary people | ||
| distrusted | ||
| It was an emerging section (dropped property requirements to vote) | ||
| -slavery -tariff -internal improvements | ||
| Whig | ||
| The Anti-Masonic Party | ||
| It was the last time that a Caucus was used. | ||
| It was a secret congress meeting where parties nominated political candidates. | ||
| They all won electoral votes. | ||
| -chosen by TN state legislature -congressman and war hero | ||
| -chosen by MA state legislature -former elitist Federalist -Secretary of State | ||
| -chosen by GA state legislature -Secretary of the Treasury -suffered a stroke -last candidate chosen by a Caucus | ||
| -chosen by KY state legislature -archenemy of Jackson -speaker of the House | ||
| John Quincy Adams | ||
| -foreign policies -end of war of 1812 -Monroe Doctrine -purchase of Florida -opponent of slavery -retired to congress after presidency -nationalist | ||
| too much nationalism | ||
| -Jacksonians- make him look strong in the North (b/c industries) -high tariff-intended to fail -45% - also included on raw material from Scotland and England -passed by narrow margins-signed by Adams | ||
| JQA vs. Jackson; mudslinging; Jackson won-1st western president | ||
| -attorney -TN state + fed. politician -TN state court | ||
| Jackson-fired + replaced 20 % federal workforce w/ loyal political allies good for democracy-rotate workers build power around president | ||
| -jackson-stopped meeting w/ cabinet-met w/ unofficial advisers in kitchen -john eatons wife peggy-adulterous affair -snubbed except for martin van buren | ||
| hated each other vetoed then publicly stated why -internal improvements-maysville red bill | ||
| 2 powerful senators -who has power to interpret constitution? Hayne- states power (nullification) +states made the constitution -Webster (MA Fed) +Supreme court - written by people not state - Jackson's Toast-Jefferson Day +southern congressmen tried to remove nullification + " our nation must be preserved" nullification threat to union | ||
| Nullification Crisis ( 1832-1983) | ||
| -Lawmakers- SC office -Led by John Calhoun (senator) and Gove Hayne -targeted tarriff (45-35) -nullified it | ||
| Raised troups planned to invade SC and collect tarriff Force Act | ||
| -SC " Won" - Tariff lowered slowly-1842- 25% -SC repeal nullification of tariff ( except force act) - Precedent - nullified fed law | ||
| -Jackson vs Clay -Anti Masonic Party born +NY murder +1st nomination convention + became whigs | ||
| -Rushed USA bank years early re-charter -Put Jackson in dilemma: +sign- Lose W support +veto-lose NE support He vetoed - published reasons +bank unconstitutional +institution of privileged only 85% +investors- foreigners | ||
| -Jackson beat Clay (re-elected) -Waged war with Bank of US +kill before expiration -Stopped depositing fed money in bank of US-pet banks +State +printed paper money-tried to buy land from Federal Gov which depreciated bank notes -Nicholas Biddle (Bank president) response- called in overdue debits and loans- keep bank "solvent" (ie financially viable) | ||
| -Bank War -Jackson- all land sold with coins -1837 Depression | ||
| -After Jackson left office had already emerged -Absorbed anti-masonic -(Dominant)Henry Clay- strengthen national institutions (Nationalist minded) Federalists -Calhoun- States rights (south0 -Both hated Jackson and monarchical power | ||
| Adopted US culture Creek,Chocketow,Chickasaw, Seminole,Cherokee, Scquoyah GA-New Echota Constitution, 3 branch gov, checks and balances alphabet-published votes GA govt-planned to remove Indians Indians took to court | ||
| Fed Govt -Removed all tribes east of Mississippi -1834 Indian territory OK -Supported, impossible for tribes to assimilate | ||
| -1830's clash with Mexican president- Antonio Santa Ana Mexanized Texas -Sam Houston gov of Texas led. Captured Santa Ana Signed treaty of Independence -Alamo and Grolind | ||
| -Fear of Slave controversy -British French cotton competition with US -1845 John Tyler -Sam Houston was the first leader | ||
| -Jackson hand picked Martin Van Buren Sec of State Born ind-self made (from NY diff thanJackson) -Whigs ran 4 simultaneously regional popularity for one House of Reps + MA Daniel Webster (NE +VA Willliam Henry Harrison (S + W) -Buren won | ||
| "divorced Tarriffs- kept in federal vault -removed from pet banks unwise | ||
| -NY/Ontario border -William Mackensie- unsuccessful " Upper Canada rebellion" -US sympathy-supplied across river with vessel Caroline- destroyed by Canadians on US soil -Newspapers exaggerated anti British feelings | ||
| -US slave vessel Creole, sailed for from Virginia to New Orleans Slave mutiny near Bahamas British set free the mutineers | ||
| -Border was- Maine and N.B. -River valley- "Aroostook War" -50 People died -British road connected Quebec -Halifax NS winter destroyed use Strengthen Canadian relations | ||
| -Hard cider and Log Cabin Harrison frontier redneck -Dem- Van Buren -Whig-Harrison + frontier redneck (actually wealthy- VA) +Whigs lie to advantage -Tippercanoe and Tyler too -Harrison won |