AP US Chapter 9

91773318	Among the important changes brought about by the American Revolution was	the increasing separation of church and state
91773319	A major new political innovation that emerged in the Revolutionary era was	the idea of a written constitutuion drafted by a convention and ratified by direct vote of the people
91773320	Despite the Revolutions emphasis on human rights and equality, the founding fathers failed to abolish slavery because	of their political fear that a fight over slavery would destroy fragile national unity
91773321	The ideal of "republican motherhood" that emerged from the American Revolution held that	women had a special responsibility to cultivate the civic virtues of republicanism in their children
91773322	In the new state constitutions written after the Revolution, the most powerful branch of government was	a legislative branch
91773323	One way that American independence actually harmed the nations economic fortunes was by	cutting off American trade with the British empire
91773324	Attempts to establish strong governments in post-Revolutionary America were seriously hindered by	the revolutionary ideology that preached natural rights and suspicion of all governmental authority
91773325	The primary political obstacle to the formation of the first American government under the Articles of Confederation was	disputes among the jealous states over control of western lands
91773326	The greatest weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation was that	it had no power to regulate commerce or collect taxes from the sovereign states
91773327	The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided that	after sufficient population growth, western territories could be organized and then join the union as states
91773328	Shays Rebellion contributed to the movement for a new constitution by	raising the fear of anarchy and disorder among wealthy conservatives
91773329	Besides George Washington, the most influential figures in the constitutional convention included	Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton
91773330	The "Great Compromise" in the constitutional convention provided that	there would be representation by population in the house of representaives but equal representation of all states in the senate
91773331	Antifederalists generally found their greatest support among	the poorer debtors and farmers
91773332	The crucial federalists successes in the fight for ratification occurred in the states of	Massachusetts, Virginia, and New York
91773333	Protestant Episcopal	new name for the Anglican church after it was disestablished and de-anglicized in Virginia and elsewhere
91773334	Republican Motherhood	the idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate civic virtue in their children
91773335	Constitutional convention	a type of special assembly, originally developed in Massachusetts , for drawing up a fundamental law that would be superior to ordinary law
91773336	Articles of Confederation	The first constitutional government of the united states
91773337	Old Northwest	the territory north of the ohio and east of the mississippi governed by the acts of 1785 and 1797
91773338	Sections	one-square mile areas, thirty six of which composed a township, with one area set aside for the support of schools
91773339	Temporary	the status of a western area under the Northwest Ordinance after it established an organized government but before it became a state
91773340	Shays Revolution	a failed revolt in 1786 by poor debtor farmers that raised fears of mobocracy
91773341	Large State plan	the plan proposed by Virginia (Randolph) at the constitutional convention for a bicameral legislature with representation based on population
91773342	Small state plan	the plan proposed by new jeresy (william patterson) for a unicameral legislature with equal representation of states regardless of size aand population
91773343	3/5ths compromise	the compromise between north and south that resulted in each slave being counted as 60 percent of a free person for purposes of representation
91773344	anti-federalists	the opponents of the constitution who argued against creating such a strong central government
91773345	the federalist	a masterly series of pro-constitution articles printed in new york by Jay, Madison, and Hamiltion
91773346	President	the offical under the new constitution who would be commander in cheif of the armed forces, appoint judges and other officals, and have the power to veto legislation
91773347	Bill of rights	a list of guarantees that federalists promised to add to the constitution in order to win ratification
91896970	Society of Cincinnati	an exclusive order of military officers that aroused strong democratic opposition
91896971	Virginia statue for religious freedom	legislation passed by an alliance of jefferson and the baptists that disestablished the anglican church
91896972	Articles of confederation	document of 1781 that was put out of buisness by the constitution
91896973	Northwest ordinance of 1787	legislation that provided for the orderly transformation of the western territories into states
91896974	Dey of algiers	north african leader who took advantage of the weakness of the articles of confederation to attack american shipping
91896975	Daniel Shays	war veteran who led poor farmers in a revolt that failed but had far reaching consequences
91896976	George Washington	unanimously elected chairman of the secret convention of demi-gods
91896977	James Madison	father of the constitution and author of Federalist No. 10
91896978	Federalists	wealthy conservatives devoted to republicanism who engineered a nonviolent political transformation
91896979	Antifederalists	group that failed to block the central government they feared but did not force the promise of a bill of rights
91896980	Patrick Henry	virginia antigederalist leader who thought the constitution spelled the end of liberty and equality
91896981	Alexander Hamilton	young new yorker who argued eloquently for the constitution even though he favored an even stronger central government
91896982	John Jay	frustrated foreign affairs secretary under the articles; one of the three authors of The Federalist
91896983	Massachusetts	first of key states where federalists won by a narrow margin over the opposition of antideferalist Sam Adams
91896984	New York	the only state to allow a direct vote on the Constitution
91896985	The American revolution	brought about somewhat greater social and economic equality and the virtual end of slavery in the north
91896986	Agreement among states to give up western land claims	made possible the approval of the articles of confederation and the passage of two important laws governing western lands
91896987	The weakness of the articles of confederation	nearly bankrupted the national government and invited assaults on American interests by foreign powers
91896988	Shays rebellion	scared conservatives and made them determined to strengthen the central government agaaisnt debtors
91896989	The conflict in the constitution convention between large and small states	forced the adoption of the great compromise which required a bicameral legislature with two different bases of representation
91896990	The north-south conflicy in the constitutional convention over counting slaves for representation	forced acceotance of the three fiths compromise counting each slave as 3/5ths of a person for purpose of representation
91896991	A meeting in Annapolis to discuss revising the Articles of Confederation	issued a call to congress for a special convention to revise the Articles
91896992	Antifederalist fears that the Constitution would destroy liberties	made federalists promise to add a bill of rights to the Constitution
91896993	The Federalist and fears that New York would be left out of the union	finally brought New York to ratify the Constitution by a narrow margin
91896994	The disestablishment of the Anglican church	laid the basis for the virginia statute for religious freedom