Ch 4 Greece and Iran Flashcards

215942706	magi	Zoroastrianism priests who officiated sacrifices	0
215942707	satrap	The governor of a province in the Achaemenid Persian Empire, often a relative of the king. He was responsible for protection of the province and for forwarding tribute to the central administration. Enjoyed much power. (pg118)	1
215942708	zoroastrianism	A religion originating in ancient Iran with the prophet Zoroaster. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil	2
215942709	polis	Greek city-state	3
215942710	Acropolis	a large hill "top of the city" in ancient Greece where city residents sought shelter and safety in times of war and met to discuss community affairs	4
215942711	Agora	a central area in Greek cities used both as a marketplace and as a meeting place to ratify the decisions of their leaders.	5
215942712	hoplites	heavily armed Greek infantrymen who marched and fought in close formation	6
215942713	Tyrant	in ancient Greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state's government by appealing to middle class for support.	7
215942714	Democracy	the exercise of political power by all free adult males.	8
215942715	Histories	provide accounts for past events	9
215942716	Helots	slaves owned by the city-state of Sparta	10
215942717	Peloponnesian League	a system of alliances between sparta and its neighbors.	11
215942718	council of 500	This council supervised foreign affairs, oversaw the treasury, and proposed laws that would be voted on by the assembly. Council members were chosen by lot (random). These reforms allowed Athenian citizens to participate in a limited democracy! Created by Cleisthenes	12
215942719	Delian League	a grand naval alliance, created by the Athenians and aimed at liberating Ionia from Persian rule	13
215942720	trireme	sleek,fast vessel powered by 170 rowers-premium warship	14
215942721	Achaemenids	Dynasty ruling in Persia from Cyrus I to Darius III (553-330 BC).	15
215942722	Cyrus	The son of a Persian chieftan and a Median princess, united the various Persian tribes and overthrow the Median monarch sometime around 550 B.C.E.	16
215942723	Darius I	(Darayavaush) Seized the throne from Cambyses in 522 B.C.E.	17
215942724	Hellenes	Another name for all the Greeks.	18
215942725	Barbaroi	The Greek word for people who did not speak Greek and were below them	19
215942726	Herodotus	the ancient greek known as the father of history. his accounts of the wars between the greeks and the persians are the first known examples of historical writing	20
215942727	Solon	canceled land debts, outlawed debt slavery, created 4 social classes by wealth, any citizen could bring charges against wrongdoers-guaranteed freedom of Athenian citizens	21
215942728	Pericles	Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece.	22
215942729	xerxes	son of Darius, who took the throne, invaded Greece, and was eventually defeated	23
215942730	Sophists	traveling teacher- "wise men" became know as one who uses cleverness to distort and manipulate reality.	24
215942731	Socrates	philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method. condemed to death for corrupting young minds.	25
215942732	Plato	Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about the perfectly governed society..founded the academy where aristotle	26
215942733	Philip II of Macedon	king of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great (382-336 BC)	27
215942734	Alexander the Great	formed 3 kingdoms -one of which was the greatest Alexandria	28
215942735	Ptolemies	Macedonian dynasty; took over the system created by Egyptian pharaohs to extract the wealth of the land, rewarding Greeks and Hellenized non-G reeks serving in the military and administration	29
215942736	Cleopatra	Ruler of the Egyptian government. Backed up Ceasar.	30
215942737	Anatolia	The peninsula between the Mediterranean and the Black Seas that is modern day turkey; also called Asia Minor	31
215942738	persepolis	Show that government officials distributed food and other essential commodities to large numbers of workers of many different nationalities.	32
215942739	peloponnese	the large area of land in sounthern Greece that is connected only by and isthmus - Sparta was located here	33
215942740	attica	a 1,000 square mile promontory in southeast central Greece that formed the territory of the Athenian city-state; rugged terrain that yielded high-quality marble and potter's clay as well as silver and lead.	34
215942741	Macedonia	Area between the Greek and Slavic regions; conquered Greece and Mesopotamia under the leadership of Philip II and Alexander the Great	35
215942742	Alexandria	this city in Egypt was founded by Alexander the Great; it was the center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization.	36
215942743	Persian empire	a huge empire ranging from Asia Minor to India; Darius I unified the empire by creating provinces and giving each province a ruler; encouraged a money economy with coins rather than goods	37
215942744	Greek "Dark Ages"	..., Period in Greek history from 1150-750 BC. New intruders came to the land, neglected older palaces, etc. Decline of Mycenaeans. Most of what we know about this period comes from Homer's Odyssey and Iliad.	38
215942745	Persian War	Greece vs. Persia, before Peloponessian War, led to Delian League, Persians led by Darius and Xerses, Battles - Salamis, Thermopylae, and Marathon	39
215942746	Peloponnesian war	A war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta	40
215942747	"Hellenistic Age"	influenced by greek culture/persian ...after death of alexander the great ..cosmopolitan	41
215942748	Parthenon	temple in Athens built to honor the goddess Athena	42
215942749	Athens	Archaic/classical periods-culture education-no women or slve right man ruled	43
216285603	Sparta	invaded Messenian- a military based society-superior to all others millitary from 7-60 women impregnated at 18 because offspring were said to be stronger were outspoken	44
216285604	Hellenic League	southern greece an alliance of states bent on resistance was formed under leadership of spartans	45
216285605	phaylanx	shoulder to shoulder formation	46