Biology Chapter 12 Vocab
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| molecules that make up DNA | ||
| protein that is bound to DNA and coiled around | ||
| when the DNA is coiled around several histones | ||
| bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine | ||
| copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA | ||
| an enzyme used in separating strands of DNA | ||
| an enzyme that binds nucleotides together to form a DNA molecule by following the procedure of base pairing | ||
| are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell | ||
| RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell | ||
| RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes | ||
| RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis | ||
| Process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into the complementary sequence of RNA | ||
| Enzyme that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription | ||
| region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA | ||
| intervening sequence of DNA; does not code for a protein | ||
| expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein | ||
| three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid | ||
| decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain | ||
| group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon | ||
| a sequence of amino acids that make different types of proteins | ||
| are changes in the genetic material | ||
| mutations involving changes in one or a few nucleotides | ||
| mutation that shifts the sequence by inserting or deleting a nucleotide | ||
| condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes |