Genetics: The Science of Heredity
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| the passing on of traits from parent to off-spring | ||
| a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes | ||
| an organism with two dominant or two recessive genes for a trait | ||
| the joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell | ||
| factors that control a trait; found on a chromosome | ||
| different form of a gene (ex. T or t) | ||
| trait always shows up when present; represented by a capital letter | ||
| trait is hidden when the dominant allele is present; represented by a lower case letter | ||
| a genotype with two different alleles | ||
| the likelihood an event will occur | ||
| tool or chart used to determine all the possible outcomed of a genetic cross; determines POSSIBLE genotype for offspring | ||
| combination of alleles (ex. Tt or Hh) | ||
| physical expression of genes (ex. tall or short) | ||
| two of the same alleles (ex. TT or tt) | ||
| two diferent alleles (ex. Tt or Hh) | ||
| alleles are neither dominant nor recessive; both phenotypes will be expressed | ||
| genes are carried on chromosomes from parent to offspring | ||
| process where chromosomes are reduced to half the number found in other body cells; forms sex cells - sperm and egg | ||
| genes linked together | ||
| Thymine | ||
| Cytosine | ||
| copies message directly from DNA; takes it to the ribosomes | ||
| takes amino acids to growing protein | ||
| causes cell to make change to the proteins its making; 3 types - substitution, deletion, addition |