AP Psych- Brain Unit
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| the bushy branching extensions of a neuron that receives messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body (class demonstration where everybody stood in a line, one person had hairspray, etc. | ||
| two extensions of a neuron ending in branching terminal fibers though which messages pass to other neurons to muscles/ glands | ||
| a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of neurons, helps speed impulses | ||
| a neural impulse- a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. generated by movement of a positively charged atoms (class experiment where we all stood in a line and people were assigned different parts of the axon... etc.) | ||
| junction between axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron | ||
| a resting pause | ||
| the level of stimulation required to trigger neuron impulses | ||
| same as excitatory or inhibitory signals | ||
| a neuron doesn't "kind of" fire, it fires | ||
| chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. when released by the neuron, they travel across the synapse and bind the receptor sites | ||
| excite by mimicking neurotransmitters and stopping reuptake | ||
| inhibit by blocking receptors | ||
| terminal button holds onto chemical to make sure that too much doesn't go through | ||
| the electrical cables that bundled axons connect to the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs (part of the PNS) | ||
| neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS | ||
| CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs | ||
| neurons that carry outgoing information from the CNS to muslces and glands | ||
| the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body | ||
| the division of PNS that controls the body's skeletal muscles (also called the skeletal nervous system) | ||
| part of PNS that controls glands and the muscles of the internal organs (like the heart) | ||
| division of automatic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations | ||
| the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy | ||
| the brain and spinal cord | ||
| automatic response to sensory stimulus (for example, when we touch fire, we pull away BEFORE we realize that we're in pain) | ||
| interconnected neural cells | ||
| the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull | ||
| the base of the brainstem (controls heartbeat and breathing) | ||
| a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal (green playdo) | ||
| the brains sensory switchboard that directs messages to sensory receiving areas in cortex | ||
| the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem. processes sensory imput and coordinates movement and balance | ||
| assiciated with emotions (fear and aggression) and drives (hunger, thirst, and sex) | ||
| related to making NEW memories | ||
| related to emotions such as aggression and fear | ||
| area known as dream center and sleep wake cycle | ||
| tissue destruction (naturally or experimentally) | ||
| an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across our brains surface | ||
| an x-ray of the brain | ||
| a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task | ||
| uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue | ||
| reveals blood flow and brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans (shows the function) | ||
| intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that cover the cerebral hemispheres (bodys ultimate control and information processing center) | ||
| portion of the cerebral cortex lying below the forehead, involved in speech , muscle movement, and planning judgements | ||
| cells in nervous system that support , nourish, and protect neurons | ||
| at the top of the head and towards the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position | ||
| at the back of the head; includes all visual areas which receive visual information from opposite visual fields | ||
| right above ears; includes auditory information primarily from opposite ears | ||
| a neural structure lying below the thalamus, directs several maintenance activities (like eating, drinking, etc.) | ||
| an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that control voluntary movement | ||
| area at the front of parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations | ||
| not involved in primary motor/sensory functions, involved in mental functions like learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking | ||
| impairment of language | ||
| controls language-area in frontal lobe, directs muscle movement involved in speech | ||
| controls language reception (in teh left temporal lobe) | ||
| large band of neural fibers connecting two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them | ||
| right handed people are controlled by the opposite lateral side of the brain for motor control | ||
| chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands | ||
| a pair of endocrine glands above the kidneys (helps arouse body in times of stress) | ||
| most influential gland, located in core of the brain; it releases hormones (ex. triggers sex glands to release sex hormones) | ||
| the bodys slow chemical communication system | ||
| chemical that enables muscle action, learning MEMORY, aggression | ||
| chemical released with attention, learning, motion, emotion, REWARDS | ||
| chemical involved in mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal | ||
| moderates neuron firing, involved in movement and regulation of anxiety | ||
| control pain and pleasure (released when exercise) | ||
| the main excitatory transmitter involved in schizophrenia | ||
| another word for hemispheric specialization | ||
| hemisphere of brain that specializes in visual-spatial processing and quick thinking (abstract) | ||
| hemisphere of brain that specializes in speaking, calculating, logic, language processing (concrete) | ||
| brain's capacity for modification after damage |