Chp 15 Reformation Terms Flashcards

32765326	Protestants	a reformer who protested against the abuses of the Catholic church in the 1500.	0
32765327	indulgence	The forgiveness of the punishment due for past sins, granted by the Catholic Church authorities as a reward for a pious act.	1
32765328	Christian Humanists	Scholars of the Northern Renaissance valued the Greek and Roman classics but showed more interest in religon than their Italian counterparts. Wanted to improve themselves and society through education.	2
32765329	The Praise of Folly	an essay written by Erasmus that uses satire to point out corrupt practices of the Church. A big influence on Martin Luther.	3
32765330	Utopia	a book by Thomas More (1516) describing the perfect society on an imaginary island where there was no personal property or greed.	4
32765331	95 Theses	Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. They were posted on October 31, 1517 and started The Reformation.	5
32765332	Holy Roman Empire	Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities in central Europe, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806.	6
32765333	Diet of Worms	Assembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw	7
32765335	predestination	doctrine of John Calvin that adhered to the idea that each person's fate is predetermined by God	8
32765336	Anabaptists	In the Reformation, a member of the protestant group that believed in baptizing only those people who were old enough to decide to be Christian and believed in the separation of church and state	9
32765337	Latin Vulgate	the authorized version of the Bible for the Catholic Church	10
32765339	Hapsburg Dynasty	A family that controlled Spain, part of Italy, and part of the Holy Roman Empire. It was extremely powerful until the Thirty Years' War	11
32765343	Huguenots	French Calvinists; brutally suppressed in France	12
32765344	League of Schmalkalden	in Northern Germany formed by newly Protestant (Lutheran) princes to defend themselves against Charles V's drive to re-Catholicize Germany	13
32765345	Peace of Augsburg	1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler	14
32765346	Council of Trent	called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend	15
32765347	Jesuits	Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.	16
32765348	Act of Supremacy	Declared the king (Henry VIII) the supreme head of the Church of England in 1534.	17
32765349	Church of England	Church created in England as a result of a political dispute between Henry VIII and the Pope, Pope would not let Henry divorce his wife	18
900858786	Charles V	Holy Roman Emperor who strongly supported Catholicism. Opposed the Reformation by trying to keep Martin Luther silent.	19
900858787	Henry VIII	King of England who wanted a divorce from his wife because she could not provide him a male heir. Started the Church of England and placed himself in charge of it.	20
900858788	Ulrich Zwingli	Influenced by Erasmus, this religious leader created a theocracy in Zurich and wanted the Bible to be the sole authority regarding religious practice. Saw the act of communion as only symbolic.	21
900858789	Ignatius of Loyola	Counter-Reformation leader who founded the Jesuits	22
900858790	Johann Tetzel	Priest who sold indulgences in Martin Luther's town in order to fund the Italian pope's patronage of works of art.	23
900858791	John Calvin	French lawyer who wrote the Institutes of Christian Religion and started a theocracy in Geneva based on predestination.	24
900858792	Martin Luther	German monk who criticized corrupt Catholic practices and started the Reformation. Believed people should focus on the Bible instead of Catholic leaders.	25
900858793	Katerina von Bora	Wife of Martin Luther who wanted women to have more power in the church and equal rights.	26
900858794	William Tyndale	Translated the Bible into English and was executed for his efforts.	27
900868195	Protestant work ethic	Calvinists believed that hard work and financial success were a sign of God's salvation.	28
900868196	Twelve Articles	The Peasant's War was based on the belief that serfdom was oppressive. They were inspired by Luther although he opposed the rebellion.	29
900868197	simony	The practice of buying an important position within the church.	30
900868198	nepotism	Rewarding friends and family members with chuch positions.	31
900868199	Elizabethan Settlement	Allowed Protestantism and Catholicism to be privately practiced as long as people publicly committed to the Church of England.	32
900868200	politique	A leader who reaches compromise by finding a practical middle ground on controversal issues.	33
900871138	Catholic (Counter) Reformation	An attempt for the Catholic Church to reform itself by ending corrupt practices and opposing the spread of Protestantism.	34
901718153	Pope Paul III	Catholic leader of the Counter Reformation who sought to improve the church from within and challenge the influence of Protestantism. Organized the Council of Trent.	35