AP World History Ch. 12-13 Vocab Flashcards

220959569	Period of the Six Dynasties	era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han	0
220959570	Wendi	member of prominent northern Chinese family during the Period of Six Dynasties; with support from northern nomadic peoples established Sui dynasty in 589	1
220959571	Yangdi	2nd Sui ruler; restored Confucian examination system; constructed canal system; assassinated in 618	2
220959572	Li Yuan	Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire after assassination of Yangdi; 1st Tang ruler	3
220959573	Ministry of Public Rites	administered the examinations for state office during the Tang dynasty	4
220959574	jinshi	title given to students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office	5
220959575	Chan Buddhism	called Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty among the masses	6
220959576	Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism	emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses	7
220959577	Wuzong	Tang emperor (841-847); persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism	8
220959578	Yang Guifei	royal concubine of Tang emperor Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into administration led to revolt	9
220959579	Khitan nomads	founded Liao dynasty of Manchuria in 907; remained a threat to Song; very much influenced by Chinese culture	10
220959580	Zhao Kuangyin	general who founded Song dynasty; took royal name of Taizu	11
220959581	Zhu Xi	most prominent Neo-Confucian scholar during the Song dynasty; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life	12
220959582	Wang Anshi	Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song ruler in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalism; advocated greater state intervention in society	13
220959583	Southern Song	smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history	14
220959584	Jurchens	founders of Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee south	15
220959585	Grand Canal	great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin	16
220959586	junks	Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula	17
220959587	flying money	Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency	18
220959588	Changan	capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2,000,000 larger than any contemporary world city	19
220959589	Hangzhou	capital of later Song; location near East China Sea permitted international commerce; population over 1,500,000	20
220959590	footbinding	male imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household	21
220959591	Bi Sheng	11th century artisan; devised technique of printing with movable type; made it possible for China to be the most contemporary literate civilization	22
220959592	Li Bo	most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings	23
221298158	Taika reforms	attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army	24
221298159	Heian	Japanese city later called Kyoto; built to escape influence of Buddhist monks	25
221298160	Tale of Genji	written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society	26
221298161	Fujiwara	mid 9th century Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power	27
221298162	bushi	regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies	28
221298163	samurai	mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor	29
221298164	seppuku	ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor	30
221298165	Gumpei wars	waged for five years from 1180 on Honshu between the Taira in Minamoto families; ended in destruction of Taira	31
221298166	bakufu	military government established by the Minamoto following Gumpei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai	32
221298167	shoguns	military leaders of the bakufu	33
221298168	Hojo	a warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers; ruled in name of emperor	34
221298169	Ashikaga Takuaji	member of Minamoto family; overthrew Kamakura regime and established Ashikaga shogunate (1336-1573); drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino	35
221298170	Onin war	struggle between rival heirs of Ashikaga shogunate (1467-1477); led to warfare between rival headquarters and Kyoto and destruction of old capital	36
221298171	daimyo	warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states	37
221298172	Choson	earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han in 109 BCE	38
221298173	Koguryo	tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification	39
221298174	Sinification	extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions	40
221298175	Silla	Korean kingdom in southeast; became a vassal of the Tang and paid tribute; ruled Korea from 668	41
221298176	Yi	Korean dynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence	42
221298177	Trung sisters	leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society	43
221298178	Khmers and Chams	Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi	44
221298179	Nguyen	southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi	45