Ch 10 AP World History Vocab Flashcards

A new civilization emerges in Western Europe.

231829814	Middle Ages	The period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the fifteenth century.	0
231829815	Vikings	Sea-Going Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the eighth to eleventh centuries; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America.	1
231829816	Manorialism	System of economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; involved a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations that exchanged labor for access to land.	2
231829817	Serfs	Peasant agriculture laborers within the manorial system.	3
231829818	Moldboard	Heavy plow introduced in northern Europe during the Middle Ages; permitted deeper cultivation of heavier soils.	4
231829819	Three-field system	One-third of land left unplanted each year to increase fertility	5
231829820	Clovis	King of the Franks; converted to Christianity ca. 496	6
231829821	Carolingians	Royal house of Franks from eighth to tenth centuries.	7
231829822	Charles Martel	Carolingian monarch of Franks; defeated Muslims at Tours in 732.	8
231829823	Charlemagne	Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany ca. 800.	9
231829824	Holy Roman Emperors	Rulers in northern Italy and Germany following break-up of Charlemagne's empire; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy.	10
231829825	Feudalism	Relationships among the military elite during the Middle Ages; greater lords provided protection to lesser lords in return for military service.	11
231829826	Vassals	Members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty.	12
231829827	Capetians	French dynasty ruling from the tenth century; developed a strong feudal monarchy.	13
231829828	William the Conqueror	Invaded England from Normandy in 1066; established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England.	14
231829829	Magna Carta	Great Charter issued by King John of England in 1215; confirmed feudal rights against monarchical claims; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy.	15
231829830	Parliaments	Bodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized feudal principle that rulers should consult their vassals.	16
231829831	Hundred Years War	Conflict between England and France (1337-1453)	17
231829832	Pope Urban II	Called first Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim control.	18
231829833	St. Clare of Assisi	Thirteenth-century founder of a women's monastic order; represented a new spirit of purity and dedication to the Catholic church.	19
231829834	Gregory VII	Eleventh-century pope who attempted to free church from interference of feudal lords; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture of bishops.	20
231829835	Peter Abelard	Author of Yes and No; university scholar who applied logic to problems of theology; demonstrated logical contradictions within established doctrine.	21
231829836	Thomas Aquinas	Creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris author of Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of god.	22
231829837	Hanseatic League	An organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance	23
231829838	Guilds	Associations of workers in the same occupation in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeship, guaranteed good workmanship, discourage innovations; often established franchise within cities.	24
231829839	Black Death	Plague that struck Europe in the 14th century; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure.	25