AP World History Chp. 8 Flashcards

221753745	Stateless Societies	Societies of varying sizes organized through kinship and lacking the concentration of power found in centralized states.	0
221753746	Maghrib	Arabic term for western north Africa.	1
221753747	Almoravids & Almohads	Puritanical Islamic reform movements among the Berbers of northwest Africa; built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain.	2
221753748	Ethiopia	A Christian kingdom in the highlands of eastern Africa.	3
221753749	Lalibela	13-th century Ethiopian ruler; built great rock churches.	4
221753750	Sahel	The extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara; an exchange region between the forests to the south and north Africa.	5
221753751	Sudanic States	States trading to north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways.	6
221753752	Mali	State of the Malinke people, centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers.	7
221753753	Mansa	Title of the ruler of Mali.	8
221753754	Mansa Kankan Musa	Made a pilgrimage to Mecca during the 14th century that became of the wealth distributed along the way.	9
221753755	Sundiata	Created a unified state that became the Mali Empire; died in 1260.	10
221753756	Timbuktu	Niger River port city of Mali; had a famous Muslim university.	11
221753757	Songhay	Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao.	12
221753758	Hausa States	States, such as Kano, among the Hausa of northern Nigeria; combined Islamic and indigenous beliefs.	13
221753759	Zenji	Arabic term for the people and coast of east Africa.	14
221753760	East African Trading Ports	Urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Plate, Zanzibar.	15
221753761	Ibn Batuta	Muslim traveler who described African societies and cultures. A sort of Muslim "Marco Polo" Mall in Dubai.	16
221753762	Demographic Transition	The change from slow to rapid population growth; often associated with industrialization; occurred first in Europe and is more characteristic of the "developed world".	17
221753763	Benin	Nigerian city-state formed by the Edo people during the 14th century; famous for its bronze art work.	18
221753764	Kongo Kingdom	large agricultural state on the lower Congo river; capital at Mbanza Kongo.	19
221753765	Zimbabwe	Central African Royal Stone Courts	20
221753766	Great Zimbabwe	With Massive stone building and walls, incorporates the greatest early building in sub-Saharan Africa.	21
221753767	Islamization	The spread of the Islamic faith across the Middle East, southwestern Asia, and northern Africa.	22
221753768	Bantu Migration	Group of people and associated language which originated in Nigeria; migrated south over much of the African continent and made up a majority of the African language groups.	23
221753769	Ifriqiya	Term used by the Romans for Africa.	24
221753770	Jihad	An Islamic term used for holy war waged to purify, spread, or protect the faith.	25
221753771	Axum	Developing in the Ethiopian highlands and traded with India and the Mediterranean areas to gain Greek and Arabian cultural influences; conversion of the kinds to Christianity in 350 C.E laid the basis for Ethiopian Christian culture.	26
221753772	Ghana	Territory in east Africa north of the Senegal and Niger rivers; inhabited by the Soninke people in the 5th century C.E; Sonike called their ruler "Ghana" thus was created the name of the Kingdom.	27
221753773	Sharia	Codified Islamic Law which is ethically based on the Qur'an and the Hadith.	28