AP World- Foundations Flashcards

8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E.

164297412	agriculture	the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock	0
164297413	Agrarian	relating to rural matters	1
164297414	Bands/Clans	Small groups of families living and acting cooperatively	2
164297415	Barbarian	a member of an uncivilized people	3
164297416	Bureaucracy	system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials	4
164297417	Civilization	a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)	5
164297418	City-States	Different sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers	6
164297419	Classical	of or characteristic of a form or system felt to be of first significance before modern times	7
164297420	Domestication	the taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food	8
164297421	Economy	frugality in the expenditure of money or resources	9
164297422	Egalitarian	A person who believes in the equality of all people	10
164297423	Emperor	The ruler of an empire	11
164297424	Empire	a group of countries under a single authority	12
164297425	Feudalism	a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service	13
164297426	Foraging	the act of searching for food and provisions	14
164297427	Hierarchy	the organization of people at different ranks in an administrative body	15
164297428	Hierarchical	in order of rank or authority	16
164297429	Hunter-Gatherer	a member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods.	17
164297430	Irrigation	supplying land with water through a network of canals	18
164297431	Monarchy	state ruled over by a single person, as a king or queen	19
164297432	Monotheism	belief in a single God	20
164297433	Neolithic	New Stone Age	21
164297434	Nomadic	wandering, moving about from place to place	22
164297435	Pastoral	rural; of rural life; idyllic; of a pastor	23
164297436	Philosophy	a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group	24
164297437	Polytheism	belief in multiple Gods	25
164297438	River Valley	the fertile land surrounding a river	26
164297439	Sedentary	not migratory; settled	27
164297440	Settlement	the act of colonizing	28
164297441	Subsistence	existence; means of subsisting; means of support; livelihood; V. subsist: exist; maintain life (at a meager level)	29
164297442	Surplus	a quantity much larger than is needed	30
164297443	Sustenance	a source of materials to nourish the body	31
164297444	Theocracy	government by divine power or priests	32
164297445	Traditional	consisting of or derived from tradition	33
164297446	Urbanization	the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban	34
164297447	Vassals	members of the elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty	35
164297448	Alexander The Great	son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world	36
164297449	Analects of Confucius	Record of Confucius values	37
164297450	Bronze Age	a period of human culture between the Stone Age and the Iron Age, characterized by the use of weapons and implements made of bronze	38
164297451	Byzantium	a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395 (East Rome)	39
164297452	Calender	a system of organizes time that defines the feging length and division of a year	40
164297453	Code of Hammurabi	the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety	41
164297454	Cuneiform	Sumerian writing made by pressing a wedge-shaped tool into clay tablets	42
164297455	Democracy	a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them	43
164297456	Eight Fold Path	eight guides to thought and conduct in the Buddhism religion	44
164297457	Four Noble Truths	1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path (Buddhism)	45
164297458	Gothic Migrations	Germanic nomads pushed into West Rome by the Huns	46
164297459	Great Wall	Chinese defensive fortification built to keep out northern nomadic invaders; began during the reign of Shi Huangdi.	47
164297460	Han Dynasty	imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization	48
164297461	Hellenism	the principles and ideals associated with classical Greek civilization	49
164297462	The Huns	warrior nomads who built their own imperial confederacy in central europe and invaded europe in 270 CE from Europe/ Russia to Manchuria	50
164297463	Indian Ocean Trade	connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.	51
164297464	Iron Age	the period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons	52
164297465	Jewish Diaspora	the global dispersion of the jewish people from their ancestral homeland, with a history dating back to millennia	53
164297466	Legalism	strict conformity to the letter of the law rather than its spirit	54
164297467	Pax Romana	A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.	55
164297468	Pyramids	Huge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a point on top	56
164297469	Roman Republic	the ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC	57
164297470	Roman Senate	A council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire. (148)	58
164297471	Shang Civilization	China's first dynasty almost 2000 BCE	59
164297472	Shi Huang Di	Qin dynasty - reunified china, legalistic, introduced the standard units of money, unified the great wall, buried with 7000 terracotta soldiers, hated confucianism	60
164297473	Siddhartha Gautama	founder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha	61
164297474	Silk Road Trade	The most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations; transmitted goods and ideas among civilization.	62
164297475	The Torah	The Jewish Bible	63
164297476	The Vedas of Hinduism	Aryan hyms orignally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century b.c.e.	64
164297477	Ziggurats	a temple tower of the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories	65