Chapter 14 Flashcards

254251398	sub-Saharan	the region of Africa under or south of the Sahara Desert	0
254251399	Stateless Societies	groups that have no single authority, but make decisions based on compromise	1
254251400	bureaucracy	system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials	2
254251401	commercial ventures	making revenue by utilizing natural resources	3
254251402	Ecologies	Communities of plants and animals in an environment that supplies raw materials for all living things.	4
254251403	Between 640 and 700 C.E.	Much of northern Africa fell to Muslim armies in the first expansion of Islam.	5
254251404	Ethiopian kingdom	Most important christian kingdom in Africa. A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa.	6
254251405	Third Century C.E.	Ghana was founded	7
254251406	kinship group	Group of people related by blood or marriage A group made up of roles marked by kinship terms in which the relationship consists of behavior either wholly or in part colored by the moral values associated with kinship relationships.	8
254251407	Thirteenth Century	When Mali was founded.	9
254251408	Songhay Kingdom	Created by Berbers, Mal offshoot Ruled by Sunni Ali- conquered towns, exbanded boundaries. A kingdom largely based on agriculture.	10
254313380	Sudanic States	kingdoms that developed during the height of ghana's power in the region; included mali and songhai. States trading to north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways.	11
254313381	The Songhay Kingdom	As Mali declined, the kingdom of Songhay regained its independence and replaced its former masters as an imperial power in the Niger River valley. Its most powerful leader was Sunni Ali (1464-1492).	12
254313382	Swahili coastal trading post	The Swahili coast was settled by Bantu-speaking peoples between the first and tenth centuries C.E. Contact with Asian peoples dated to the second century B.C.E., at which time Asians reached the island of Madagascar and introduced bananas and coconuts to Africa.	13
254313383	Central African Kingdoms	The Bantu migration extended south of the Congo rain forest region to the savannas of southern Africa by the thirteenth century C.E. After 1000 C.E.	14
254313384	manikongo	ruler of the kongo who could be either a man or a woman and held the kingdom together through a system of by royal marriages, taxes, and by war and tribute	15
254313385	The Kingdoms of Kongo and Mwene Mutapa	The kingdom of Kongo is on the lower Congo River by the fifteenth century. Organized in agricultural villages around the capital of Mbanza Kongo, the kingdom consisted of a confederacy of smaller states under the control of a relatively powerful ruler, or manikongo	16
254313386	Mid sixteenth century	Songhay dominated the central Sudan.	17
254313387	between 500 B.C.E. and 200 C.E	where the population practiced agriculture, used iron, and produced terra-cotton works	18
254313388	1000 C.E	African societies in this region began to supplement kinship-based societies with kingship.	19