AP World History Ch. 6 Vocab Flashcards

35312315	shaykhs	Leaders of tribes and clans within bedouin society; usually men with large herds, several wives, and many children	0
35312316	Mecca	a prosperous trading city/ where Muhammad was born	1
35312317	Ummayad	Clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan established dynasty as rulers of islam	2
35312318	Quraysh	tribe of bedouins that controlled mecca in the 7th century	3
35312319	Ka'ba	one of the most revered religous shrines in pre-Islamic Arabia	4
35312320	Medina	Formally known as Yathrib. Muhammad made the city him base in order to fight against invators from Mecca.	5
35312321	Muhammad	prophet of Islam;; born c. 570 to Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by father family; received revelations from Allah in 610 CE and therafter; died in 632	6
35312322	Khadijah	widow of a wealthy merchant; Muhammad worked for her and later married her	7
35312323	umma	Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity	8
35312324	zakat	Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims	9
35312325	Ramadan	month in which muslims fast	10
35312326	five pillars	beliefs that all Muslims needed to carry out: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage	11
35312327	hajj	pilgrimage to Mecca	12
35312328	caliph	the title of the successor to Muhammad	13
35312329	Abu Bakr	first caliph after death of muhammad	14
35312330	Ridda Wars	Wars that followed Muhammad's death in 632; resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans; restored unity of Islam	15
35312331	jihads	holy wars launched to forcibly spread the Muslim faith	16
35312332	Copts	Christian sect of Egypt; tended to support Islamic invasions of this area in preference to Byzantine rule.	17
35312333	Nestorians	A Christian sect found in Asia; tended to support Islamic invasions of this area in preference to Byzantine rule; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions	18
35312334	Uthman	Third caliph and member of Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan	19
35312335	Battle of Siffin	Fought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads; settled by negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party	20
35312336	Sunnis	Muslims that believe the caliph doesn't have to be related to Muhammad and should be chosen by the leaders of the Islamic community	21
35312337	Mu'awiya	caliph of Umayyad Dynasty, 661-680	22
35312338	Shi'a	supporters of Ali	23
35312339	Karbala	Site of defeat and death of Husayn, son of Ali; marked beginning of Shi'a resistance to Umayyad caliphate	24
35312340	Damascus	The Umayyads moved the capital to ____, which was centrally located in the expanding Islamic state	25
35312341	mawali	Muslim converts	26
35312342	jizya	Head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories	27
35312343	dhimmi	Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus & Buddhists	28
35312344	hadiths	traditions of the prophet	29
35312345	Battle of the River Zab	Victory of Abbasids over Umayyads; resulted in conquest of Syria and capture of Umayyad capital	30
35312346	Baghdad	capital of the Abbasid Empire	31
35312347	wazir	chief administrator and head of the caliph's inner councils	32
35312348	dhows	Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design	33
35312349	ayan	The wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule	34
35312350	bedouin	nomadic	35
35413194	Islamic	adjective	36
35413195	Islam	submission to God	37
35413196	Muslim	follower	38
35413197	Arab	ethnic group	39
35413198	diaspora	moving a population out of an area	40
35413199	Shiite	believes caliphs should be related to Muhammad	41