AP WH: Unit 2, Chapter 2-Classical China Flashcards
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| 210343919 | North/Huanghe (Yellow) River | Center of Chinese Civilization. Basis of first agriculture. | 0 | |
| 210343920 | West | Open Plains; Nomads; Trade(Caravans); Threats of invasion. | 1 | |
| 210343921 | Coastal South | Pacific Ocean. Various ethnic groups; Farming; Commerce; Pirates. | 2 | |
| 210343922 | Tibetan Plateau | Mountainous. Traditionally disputed. | 3 | |
| 210343923 | Gobi Desert | Isolated. One of the worlds largest and hottest deserts. (North) | 4 | |
| 210343924 | Chinese Diet | Mainly Vegetarian(Upper class ate meat). Rice(South), Millet(North), Barley, Fruit(rarely), Soy-beans, Mustard greens, ans Bamboo shoots. | 5 | |
| 210343925 | Warring States Period | Period in Chinese history when the different states of China fought each other. Rivalry~~> Competition~~>War (475-221 BCE) | 6 | |
| 210343926 | Gentry | Privileged, noble man. Rich, own a lot of land, born into nobility. | 7 | |
| 210343927 | Peasant | Farmer, typically worked on the land of chieftains an elite families. Poor uneducated person | 8 | |
| 210343928 | Zhou Dynasty | Overthrew the Shang Dynasty. Introduced the Mandate of Heaven. Ruled through alliances. Power was very decentralized. (1029-258 BCE) | 9 | |
| 210343929 | Mandate of Heaven | China's traditional method of legitimation of power. Emperors claim this and it can easily be lost. Gives emperors the power to rule. | 10 | |
| 210343930 | Alliance | Partnership. Used by Zhou Dynasty to maintain power. | 11 | |
| 210343931 | Early Feudal System | Zhou emperor granted land to gentries in exchange for services, labor, and soldiers. | 12 | |
| 210343932 | Middle Kingdom | Zhou Dynasty expanded south to the Yangtze River area creating this. | 13 | |
| 210343933 | Centralized Power | Power is concentrated into a single entity creating a strong emperor. | 14 | |
| 210343934 | Decentralized Power | Power is spread between many entities creating a weak emperor. | 15 | |
| 210343935 | 100 Schools of Thought | Response to the chaos of the late Zhou Dynasty. A wide ranging debate over the nature of human beings, society, and the universe. Taoism(Daoism), Confucianism, Legalism. | 16 | |
| 210343936 | Reformer | A person devoted to bringing about change. | 17 | |
| 210343937 | Despotic | Rules unfairly | 18 | |
| 210343938 | Warring States Era | States of China battle each other and are invaded by Nomads. Ends with Qin victory. (402-221 BCE) | 19 | |
| 210343939 | Qin Dynasty | Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi( 259-210 BCE). Legalistic. Emperor now had real power. Restructured CH government creating a court with ministers, Civil Authority Branch, Military Authority Branch, and Censorate Branch. Lessened power of the gentry. Conducted a national census and standardized coinage, weights, measurements, writing, and roads.(221-206 BCE) | 20 | |
| 210343940 | Nominal Power | Power existing in name only. So slight as to hardly be worth mention. | 21 | |
| 210343941 | Eunuchs | Advisers of the Emperor. Peasants who had their testicles cut off as boys. | 22 | |
| 210343942 | Civil Authority | Ordinary, non-military. Oversees regular population. | 23 | |
| 210343943 | Military Authority | Oversees military. | 24 | |
| 210343944 | Censorate | Oversees Civil and Military authorities. | 25 | |
| 210343945 | Province | A territory or district that is part of a larger area. | 26 | |
| 210343946 | County | Smaller areas that divide up a province. | 27 | |
| 210343947 | Court | Government department. | 28 | |
| 210343948 | Minister | Close adviser to the emperor. Royalty that associates with the emperor. Cabinet member | 29 | |
| 210343949 | Parasites | Merchants were perceived as this because they visited the "outside" world and made money off of other peoples labor. | 30 | |
| 210343950 | Xia Dynasty | China's first dynasty. (c. 4,000 yrs ago) | 31 | |
| 210343951 | Shang Dynasty | Replaces Xia Dynasty. Used oracle bones to communicate with Gods and for divination. Predominantly agriculturists, aristocrats loved war. | 32 | |
| 210343952 | Realm | A royal domain, kingdom. | 33 | |
| 210343953 | Transcendent | Superior or Supreme. | 34 | |
| 210343954 | Retainer | A servant or attendant who has served a family for many areas. | 35 | |
| 210343955 | Elite | Persons of the highest class. | 36 | |
| 210343956 | Supernatural | Pertaining to above or beyond what is natural. Unexplainable by natural law phenomena. | 37 | |
| 210343957 | Human Sacrifice | The purpose of this is to propitiate the Gods and so that the emperor or royalty has people to accompany into the afterlife. | 38 | |
| 210343958 | Veneration of Ancestors | The extension of filial piety to include care for the deceased, for instance by burning replicas of useful objects to accompany them on their next world journey. | 39 | |
| 210343959 | Filial Piety | The important virtue virtue and primary duty of respect, obedience, and care for one's parents and elderly family member. | 40 | |
| 210343960 | Clan | A group of people of common descent. | 41 | |
| 210343961 | Nuclear Family | A social unit composed of father, mother, and children. | 42 | |
| 210343962 | Colloquial | Involving or using regular conversation. | 43 | |
| 210343963 | Aristocrat | Made war and served as officials, primary land owners. | 44 | |
| 210343964 | Merchant | Buy and sells items for profit. "Parasite". | 45 | |
| 210343965 | Artisan | Skilled at a particular craft. | 46 | |
| 210343966 | Xian, Luoyang | The two CH capitols under the Zhou Dynasty. | 47 | |
| 210343967 | Apex | Tip, point, climax, peak. The______ of the CH government was the emperor. | 48 | |
| 210343968 | Principalities | The position or authority of a chief ruler; sovereign, supreme ruler. Territory of a ruling prince. | 49 | |
| 210343969 | impersonal law; anthropomorphic deity | Heaven is viewed as _________ ___ rather than as an _____________ _____. | 50 | |
| 210343970 | Chattel | Carried out trade and manufacturing, worked for lord. | 51 | |
| 210343971 | Slaves | Usually prisoners of war. Worked on hard jobs. | 52 | |
| 210343972 | Era of Economic Innovation | Large agricultural/irrigation projects. Rising population. Silk road and increased trade. Development of a money economy. (6th cent. BCE- 3rd cent. BCE) | 53 | |
| 210343973 | (Wet) Rice | Prime source of food for CH | 54 | |
| 210343974 | Silk (Trade) | Begins in neolithic era. Uses include clothing, quilts, wraps for dead bodies. Reached Athens, Central CH, Middle East, and the Mediterranean Sea. | 55 | |
| 210343975 | Sea Shells | First form of Money. | 56 | |
| 210343976 | Barter System | A system in which goods are traded for other goods. Used by ordinary Chinese. | 57 | |
| 210343977 | Grain | Rents, taxes, and salaries are paid in this. | 58 | |
| 210343978 | Anthropomorphic | Ascribing human form to a being not human. | 59 | |
| 210343979 | Cosmic | Forming a part of the material universe. | 60 | |
| 210343980 | Shang Di | Presided over all of nature. | 61 | |
| 210343981 | Heaven | (Tian or T'ien) Impersonal symbol of the universe. | 62 | |
| 210343982 | Yin/Yang | Universe divided into two primary forces. Good/Evil. Light/Dark. Male/Female. Sun/Moon. Bad exists in good. Good exist in bad. | 63 | |
| 210343983 | Fatalism | The acceptance of all thing and events inevitable. | 64 | |
| 210343984 | Divination | The practice of attempting to foretell future events or hidden knowledge by supernatural means. | 65 | |
| 210343985 | Shamans | Intermediary between natural and supernatural worlds. Uses magic. Assists emperor in policy deliberations until 5th century. | 66 | |
| 210343986 | I Ching | Book of Changes. One of the most famous manuals for use by Shamans. | 67 | |
| 210343987 | Metaphysics | Branch of physics that deals with the underlying theoretical principles of a subject or field of inquiry. | 68 | |
| 210343988 | Pragmatism | Character or conduct that emphasizes practicality. | 69 | |
| 210343989 | The Analects | Classified or ordered systems, Master Sayings of Confucianism | 70 | |
| 210343990 | Subordinate | Placed in or belonging to a lower ordered rank of less importance. | 71 | |
| 210343991 | Contemporaries | Followers (think Confucianism) | 72 | |
| 210343992 | Merit | Claim to respect and praise; excellence; worth. Quality, fact of deserving. | 73 | |
| 210343993 | Right of Zhou | Confucianism impacts CH government when the CH government introduces a bureaucracy selected through this. (Merit System) | 74 | |
| 210343994 | Diametrically | In direct opposition, being at opposite extremes. | 75 | |
| 210343995 | Spiritualistic | Spirits of dead can and do communicate with the living through a medium. | 76 | |
| 210343996 | Animistic | Natural objects, phenomena and universe posses souls. | 77 | |
| 210343997 | Preeminence | Distinguished above all others. | 78 | |
| 210343998 | Civil Servant | One employed in the branch of government that doesn't deal with Military, Navy, Legislative, or Judicial. | 79 | |
| 210343999 | Great Wall | The Qin began but did not finish this colossal building project intended to keep nomads from invading. | 80 | |
| 210344000 | Animal Husbandry | Agriculture specializing in the breeding, raising, and care of farm animals. | 81 | |
| 210344001 | Kinship | Relationship, especially by blood. Family | 82 | |
| 210344002 | Hegemony | Political dominance. | 83 | |
| 210344003 | (Glorious) Han Dynasty | Fall of Qin~~>Several successors competing for hegemony. This dynasty was the result. Legalism is replaced with Confucianism | 84 | |
| 210344004 | Liu Bang( Liu Pang) | Commoner of peasant origin. leader of Han Dynasty revolution. | 85 | |
| 210344005 | State Confucianism | Integration of Confucianism doctrines with legislature. Practiced in Han Dynasty. Basis of Chinese politics. | 86 | |
| 210344006 | Integration | Making whole by the bringing together of parts. | 87 | |
| 210344007 | Tripartite | Divided into three parts/divisions. | 88 | |
| 210344008 | Civil Service Exam | CH system of selecting officials on merit rather than birth. | 89 | |
| 210344009 | Factionalism | Persons combined for a common purpose. | 90 | |
| 210344010 | Exaction | Something Standardized. | 91 | |
| 210344011 | Tenant Farming | Farming by a farmer who rents rather than owns the land. Rent payed in crops. | 92 | |
| 210344012 | Xin Dynasty | (New Dynasty) Wang Mang(45BCE-23 CE) created this dynasty in 9CE because the Han Dynasty became frivolous, depraved, and corrupt. | 93 | |
| 210344013 | Coup d' état | Bold government seizure. | 94 | |
| 210344014 | Monopoly | Right or privilege in engaging in a particular traffic. | 95 | |
| 210344015 | Bao-Jia System | CH practice of organizing families of 5-10 to exercise to control surveillance of family loyalty. | 96 | |
| 210344016 | Urbanization | Countryside~~>Town and forts for local aristocracy~~> Larger cities on major trade routes~~>Manufacturing centers surrounded by moats. | 97 | |
| 210344017 | Subservience | Servile; excessively submissive; obsequious | 98 | |
| 210344018 | Ideographic | Relating to beliefs. | 99 | |
| 210344019 | Pictographic | Relating to symbols or pictures. | 100 | |
| 210344020 | Aesthetic | Having a sense of the beautiful or artistic. | 101 | |
| 211213830 | Uniformity of Thought | This is a characteristic of many authoritarian systems.(Think Qin Dynasty) | 102 | |
| 211213831 | Continuities | Basic structure of govt. for the next 2,000 yrs. Standardizations remained. and Emperor and court were the supreme authority. These are all examples of ___________ from the Qin dynasty. | 103 | |
| 211213832 | Dominant | The Han is CH's most _________ ethnic group. | 104 | |
| 211213833 | State Confucianism | Central control embed with ideology. The combination of the Han dynasty's main ideology with the government. | 105 | |
| 211213834 | Silk Road | Linked Ancient CH to India, Asia Minor, Egypt, Persia, Arabia, The Mediterranean, and Rome. Various items and ideas were also traded along this route. | 106 | |
| 211213835 | Civil Service Exam | Worked in theory, but not in actuality. It was a test on morality and to become a bureaucrat. | 107 | |
| 211213836 | Meritocracy | A govt. based on deserved power. | 108 | |
| 211213837 | Social Mobility | The ability to move up or down the ranks of a hierarchy. | 109 | |
| 211213838 | Wang Mang | A regent who ruled for the period of the Xin dynasty. His reforms were not successful. | 110 | |
| 211213839 | Xin Dynasty | The dynasty within a dynasty. Led by Wang Mang,(9-23 CE) | 111 | |
| 211213840 | Decline of The Han | 400 yrs of decentralized chaos | 112 | |
| 211218291 | Vassal State | Any state that is subordinate to another. | 113 | |
| 211218292 | Autocrat | A person that possesses unlimited power. | 114 |