The Reformation Flashcards
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| 49868230 | Christian humanism | applying the critical mind to christianity | 0 | |
| 49868231 | Erasmus | "Praise of Folly" | 1 | |
| 49868232 | Thomas More | "utopia" | 2 | |
| 49868233 | Thomas a Kempis | "Imitation of Christ" - wanted individual Catholics to follow Christ -> Modern Devotion/Bretheren of common love | 3 | |
| 49868234 | Frederick the Wise | German prince that hides and Protects Luther, in the hope that the pope won't allow Charles V to centralize if Luther isn't BBQed | 4 | |
| 49868235 | Martin Luther | est. Lutherism, wrote the 95 theses and several pamphlets | 5 | |
| 49868236 | Justification by Faith | good works aren't needed to get into Heaven, just faith (went against Catholic teachings) | 6 | |
| 49868237 | Ninety-five theses | posted ont the church door on October 31, by Martin Luther, hoping that the pope would read it and reform the church; start of the protestant reformation | 7 | |
| 49868238 | Leo X | sold endulgences to raise money to uild st. Peter's Basilica | 8 | |
| 49868239 | Tetzel | sold endulgences for Leo X | 9 | |
| 49868240 | indulgences | slips of paper the guarenteed entrence to Heaven; like a movie ticket... can buy for yourself, and relatives, the more the better | 10 | |
| 49868241 | Lutheran Pamphlets | "Address to the nobility of the German nation" "The Babylonian Captivity of the church" and "On the freedom of a christian man" - respectively called for Noble support of the reformation, attacked the church sacraments, and said faith justifies salvation | 11 | |
| 49868242 | Charles V | Holy Roman Emperor; opposed Luther because he needed the Pope's blessing to try to form a nation-state | 12 | |
| 49868243 | Diet of Worms | turned the reformation political; resulted in the Exile of Luther from the Holy Roman Empire | 13 | |
| 49868244 | Peasants's war of 1525 | in responce to Luther's "On the Freedom of a Christain Man"; hoped to gain social and political independence; Luther didn't support them, because he needed the aid of the nobility, and condemned them in his "Against the Robbing and Murdering hoards of peasants" | 14 | |
| 49868245 | Habsburg-Valois Wars | Italian wars, in which Charles V was forced to oppose the pope, Clement VII | 15 | |
| 49868246 | Suleiman the Magnificent | leader of the ottoman turks that took over Hungry (threatened the HRE) | 16 | |
| 49868247 | Schmalkaldic League | Formed by German princes in oposition to Charles V | 17 | |
| 49868248 | Peace of Augsburg | 1555-secured German liberties and cemented Lutherism (exclueded Calvinism) | 18 | |
| 49868249 | Scandinavia | Lutheranism spread here..... | 19 | |
| 49868250 | Zwingli | began to reform Switzerland, held disputations to spread protestantism because Catholics couldn't defend their religion | 20 | |
| 49868251 | Marburg Colloquy | goal was to unite protestantism to check the power of Charles V; none of the leaders could agree, primarily on the symbolism communion | 21 | |
| 49868252 | Swiss Civil War of 1531 | Zwingli died and Luther said he got what he deserved! | 22 | |
| 49868253 | Anabaptists | believed in Adult baptisms only, simple christian living, and separation of church and state (Amish and Mennonites) | 23 | |
| 49868254 | Henry VIII | abolished papal authority to divorce his wife; est. Act of Supremecy (monarch is head of church), treason Act, and the Anglican church of England | 24 | |
| 49868255 | Thomas Cranmer | closet protestant that convinced Henry VIII to est. his own church and est. protestant ideals during Edward VI's reign | 25 | |
| 49868256 | Act of Supremacy | est. the monarch as the church of England | 26 | |
| 49868257 | Edward VI | controlled by Council of Regency (Cranmer); radically protestant acts -> 42 articles (est. only 2 sacraments), and act of Uniformity ("Book of Common Prayer") | 27 | |
| 49927338 | Mary I (bloody Mary) | reverted to Catholicism; est. an alliance with Spain through her Marriage to Phillip II; burned over 300 protestants | 28 | |
| 49927339 | Puritans | RADICAL protestants | 29 | |
| 49927340 | Elizabeth I | politique; est.a MODERATE protestant nation with re-est. the act of supremecy and the 39 atricles with the 2-5 compromise... she also smited radical catholics and puritans to prevent rebels | 30 | |
| 49927341 | 39 articles | made England a moderately protestant state; allowed for the practice of 7 sacraments, but only 2 were special | 31 | |
| 49927342 | Act of Uniformity | created the Anglican book of prayer | 32 | |
| 49927343 | John Calvin | believed in predestination, and wrote "Institutes of a Christian Religion" | 33 | |
| 49927344 | "Institutes of a Christian Religion" | included predestination, the belief that God had already chosen the elect to be saved and the reprobate to be "hot damned" | 34 | |
| 49927345 | Geneva | "Most perfect school of christ on earth"; where Calvin est. his ministry, where anything happy-making was illegal | 35 | |
| 49927346 | John Knox | identified Geneva as "Most perfect school of christ on earth" | 36 | |
| 49927347 | Catholic Reformation | hoped to end church corruption: selling of indulgences, simony, lay investiture, and nepotism | 37 | |
| 50006607 | Council of Trent | met in 1560; ended church corruption, kept the 7 sacraments inc. transubstantiation, said that faith AND good works save, and gave Pope and bible total authority | 38 | |
| 50006608 | Ignatius of Loyola | Jesuit who wrote "Spiritual Excercises" | 39 | |
| 50006609 | "Spiritual Excercises" | instruction for a spirtual life; written by Ignatius of Loyola | 40 | |
| 50006610 | Society of Jesus | AKA Jesuits; spread Catholicism to Latin America, and WON disputations | 41 | |
| 50006611 | Pope Paul III | used nepotism, but initiated the Council of Trent | 42 | |
| 50006612 | Pope Paul IV | instituted Index of Fobidden Books-came right ater the Council of Trent | 43 | |
| 50006613 | Index of Forbidden Books | Part of the Catholic Counter-reformation; books forbidden to be read by Catholics, written by Lutherans and other protestants | 44 | |
| 50006614 | War of Three Henries | Henry of Navar and Henry III vs. Henry of Guise (ends up ASSASSINATED) | 45 | |
| 50006615 | Henry III | Exiled his mom; politique; killed by a crazed Monk | 46 | |
| 50006616 | Henry of Navarre | Henry IV; was a hugenot, but converted to Catholicism ("Paris is well worth a mass"); est. the Bourbon dynasty in France | 47 | |
| 50006617 | Henry of Guise | head of Ultra Catholics; assassinated during War of 3 Henries | 48 | |
| 50006618 | St. Bart's day massacre | August 24, 1572; 3 days of killing by Guise family; united protestants against the catholics | 49 | |
| 50006619 | politiques | selects political stability over religion; ex. Henry of Navarre and Elizabeth I | 50 | |
| 50006620 | Huguenots | Calvinists in France; mostly nobles and Merchants | 51 | |
| 50006621 | Edict of Nantes | gives MILITARY, political, and religious power to Huguenots | 52 | |
| 50006622 | Netherlands | controlled by spanish Habsburgs (Phillip II); Dutch Calvinists persecuted and raped by inquisition | 53 | |
| 50006623 | William the Silent | exaggerated the raping of the Dutch to play on flemmish nationalism | 54 | |
| 50006624 | Philip II | Prudent King of Spain who refused to delegate | 55 | |
| 50018273 | Sea Beggars | the Dutch pirates (kinda like English sea dogs) | 56 | |
| 50018274 | Union of Arras | Philip divided low countries after they passed the pacification of Ghent, and promised this group of southern provinces resoration of their traditional liberties, if they remained loyal to spain | 57 | |
| 50018275 | Union of Utrecht | northern provinces (Dutch) became relatively independent of spain | 58 | |
| 50018276 | Francis Drake | leader of the sea dogs-british pirates that took Spanish gold | 59 | |
| 50018277 | Spanish Armada | broken up by the protestant wind, an unforseen storm, and then destoryed by the faster british merchant ships | 60 |