Chapter 5 Flashcards

81961079	Roman Republic	The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate	0
81961080	Roman Senate	A council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families.	1
81961081	Roman Principate	term used to characterize Roman government in the first three centuries C.E., based on the ambiguous titleprinceps	2
81961082	Pax Romana	"Roman peace;	3
81961083	Romanization	The process by which the Latin language and Roman culture became dominant in the western provinces of the Roman Empire.	4
81961084	Jesus	A Jew from Galilee in northern Israel who sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices. Hailed as the Messiah and son of God by his followers, he became the central figure in Christianity	5
81961085	Paul	Jew from the Greek city of Tarsus in Anatolia, he initially persecuted the followers of Jesus but, after receiving a revelation on the road to Syrian Damascus, became a Christian.	6
81961086	Aqueduct	A conduit, either elevated or underground, using gravity to carry water from a source to a location	7
81961087	Third Century Crisis	Historians' term for the political, military, and economic turmoil that beset the Roman Empire during much of the third century C.E.: frequent changes of ruler, civil wars, barbarian invasions, decline of urban centers, and near-destruction of long-distance commerce and the monetary economy.	8
81961088	Constantine	Roman emperor (r. 312-337).	9
81961089	Byzantine Empire	name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from "Byzantion, an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city.	10
81961090	Qin	A people and state in the Wei Valley of eastern China that conquered rival states and created the first Chinese empire (221-206 B.C.E.).	11
81961091	Han	A term used to designate (1) the ethnic Chinese people who originated in the Yellow River Valley and spread throughout regions of China suitable for agriculture and (2) the dynasty of emperors who ruled from 206 B.C.E. to 220 C.E.	12
81961092	Gentry	In China, the class of prosperous families, next in wealth below the rural aristocrats, from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel.	13