AP World History - Naruta's Class Flashcards

Terms related to the Classical and Foundations Era

203338093	city-state	A small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory. A characteristic political form in early Mesopotamia, Archaic and Classical Greece, Phoenicia, and early Italy.	0
203338100	Hieroglyphics	A system of writing in which pictorial symbols represented sounds, syllables, or concepts. It was used for official and monumental inscriptions in ancient Egypt. Because of the long period of study required to master this system, literacy in hieroglyphics was confined to a relatively small group of scribes and administrators. Cursive symbol-forms were developed for rapid composition on other media, such as papyrus.	1
203338102	Homonid	The biological family that includes humans and humanlike primates.	2
203338110	Monotheism	Belief in the existence of a single divine entity. Some scholars cite the devotion of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten to Aten (sun-disk) and his suppression of traditional gods as the earliest instance. The Israelite worship of Yahweh developed into an exclusive belief in one god, and this concept passed into Christianity and Islam	3
203338111	Neolithic	The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution (s). It follows the Paleolithic period.	4
203338112	Nomadism	A way of life, forced by a scarcity of resources, in which groups of people continually migrate to find pastures and water.	5
203338117	Pharaoh	The central figure in the ancient Egyptian state. Believed to be an earthly manifestation of the gods, he used his absolute power to maintain the safety and prosperity of Egypt.	6
203338123	Scribe	In the governments of many ancient societies, a professional position reserved for men who had undergone the lengthy training required to be able to read and write using cuneiforms, hieroglyphics, or other early, cumbersome writing systems.	7
4760900996	Tigris and Euphrates	Two rivers around which Mesopotamian civilization arose, beginning withe Sumeria	8
4760902434	Fertile Crescent	Geographic region including Mesopotamia and the eastern coastline of the Mediterranean Sea	9
4760903429	Sumeria	Earliest known civilization dating back to at least 5000 BCE and featuring a cuneiform writing system, large ziggurats, and a complex political system.	10
4760906605	Polytheism	The belief and worship of more than one god/goddess	11
4760907694	Ziggurat	Large, steppe pyramids built in Mesopotamia as temples	12
4760908578	Cuneiform	World's oldest known writing system from Sumeria comprised of wedge-shaped marks made in wet clay tablets	13
4760910554	Epic of Gilgamesh	Arguably the world's oldest written story, this epic tale concerns the tale of a Sumerian king and his interaction with the gods.	14
4760913915	Hammurabi	Babylonian ruler best known for his legal code and reorganized tax system	15
4760916039	patriarchal	Dominated by men	16
4760916480	Phoenicians	Civilization of city-states located in the Western Fertile Crescent; best known as great merchants and sailors; founded the first alphabetic script	17
4760920801	Hebrews	Pastoralists from Canaan once enslaved by the Egyptians; later known as Israelites or Jews	18
4760922527	Jewish Diaspora	Spreading out or scattering of Jews throughout the Middle East and Mediterranean regions	19
4760923224	Nile	River serving as the geographic center of Egyptian civilizatiion	20
4760924695	Mummification	Egyptian religious rite involving the preservation of the dead	21
4760925495	Papyrus	Nile plant that was mashed into an early form of paper for record keeping	22