Senecalchapter7&8 Flashcards

AP World History

250432786	sassanid empire	the name of the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire. It was one of the two main powers in Western Asia for a period of more than 400 years.[1] The Sassanid empire was constantly at war with the Byzantine Empire. (224-651)	0
250432787	sahel	extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara	1
250432788	steppe	Treeless plains, especially the high, flat expanses of northern Eurasia, which usually have little rain and are covered with coarse grass. They are good lands for nomads and their herds. Good for breeding horses: essential to mongol military. (326)	2
250432789	great traditions	historians term for a literate, well-institutionalized complex of religiouis and socila beliefs and practices adhered to by diverse societies over a broad geographical area	3
250432790	bantu	a family of languages widely spoken in the southern half of the African continent	4
250432791	shi'ite	A member of the branch of Islam that supports the descendants of Muhammad as his rightful successors	5
250432792	sunni	a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad	6
250432793	Muhammad	founder of Islam	7
250432794	Mecca	City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion.	8
250432795	Medina	City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. (p. 231)	9
250432796	Abbasid	dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad to rule the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 1258; for 150 years they maintained the unity of the caliphate and Islamic civilization and culture flourished	10
250432797	Caliphate	Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire. (See also Abbasid Caliphate; Sokoto Caliphate; Umayyad Caliphate.) (p. 232)	11
250432798	Umayyad	(661-750) first ruling dynasty over the Muslim Caliphate	12
250432799	Fatimad	What caliphate was formed by Shiite Muslims who claimed descent from Muhammad's daughter Fatima?	13
250432800	Crusade	Holy war	14
250432801	Seljuk	Turkish speaking people who converted to Islam in Central Asia	15
250432802	Jihad	a holy war waged by Muslims against infidels	16
250432803	Allah	Arabic word for God	17
250432804	jinns	Meccan spirit residing in natural objects of the desert	18
250432805	Muslim	A follower of Islam, means "one who has submitted"	19
250432806	Islam	A monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in 7th century, means "submission to the will of Allah"	20
250432807	Ka'ba	("cube") a pre-islamic cubed building in mecca believed by muslims to have been built by Abraham. It is the center of the Muslim Pilgrimage	21
250432808	Umma	The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community. (p. 231)	22
250432809	Quran	the holy book of Islam	23
250432810	Mamluks	Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria.	24
250432811	Ghana	the first West African kingdom based on the gold and salt trade	25
250432812	Sultan	military and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country	26
250432813	Shah	an Islamic king, often from Persia or Iran	27
250432814	Shari'a	A body of law governing the lives of Muslims	28
250432815	hadith	(Islam) a tradition based on reports of the sayings and activities of Muhammad and his companions	29
250432816	Madrasa	a school for the study of Muslim law and religious science	30
250432817	Sufi	A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means	31
531846863	sakk	a muslim invention, a letter of credit similar to a check	32
531848502	qadis	Muslim judges who carried out the judicial functions of the state	33
531848503	jizya	tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue to practice their own religion	34
531848504	dar-al-islam	an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule	35
531848505	Five Pillars	beliefs that all Muslims needed to carry out: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage	36
531848506	ulama	the body of mullahs (Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law) who are the interpreters of Islam's sciences and doctrines and laws and the chief guarantors of continuity in the spiritual and intellectual history of the Islamic community	37
531848507	Ibn Rushd	Muslim philosopher who blended Aristotle and Plato's views with Islam	38
531848508	Abu Bakr	Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death.	39