Chapter 12 AP World Vocab Flashcards

18028578	Hangzhou	Capital of later Song dynasty; located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million
18028579	Wendi	Member of prominent northern Chinese family during period of Six Dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor; supported by nomadic peoples of northern China; established Sui dynasty
18028580	Yangdi	Second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618
18028581	Li Yuan	Also known as Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassinatin of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu
18028582	Changan	Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million; larger than any other city in the world at the time
18028583	Ministry of Rites	Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars
18028584	Jinshi	Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office
18028585	Pure Land	Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddihism; popular among masses of Chinese society
18028586	Chan	Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation of appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society
18028587	Zen	Known as Chan in China; stressed meditation of appreciation of natural and artistic beauty
18028588	Empress Wu	Tang ruler 690-705 C.E. in China; supported Buddhism establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state of religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created
18028589	Wuzong	Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian idealology
18028590	Xuanzong	Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755 though he encouraged overexpansion
18028591	Yang Guifei	Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt
18028592	Zhao Kuangyin	(r. 960-976) Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following the fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent
18028593	Liao Dynasty	Founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song Dynasty in China
18028594	Khitan	Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century
18028595	Zhu Xi	(1130-1200) Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action
18028596	Neo-Confucians	Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences/
18028597	Tangut	Rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of regional kingdoms during period of southern song; conquered by Mongols in 1226
18028598	Xi Xia	Kingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry
18028599	Wang Anshi	Confucian scholar and cheif minister of Song empire in 1070s; introduced sweepin reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society
18028600	Jurchens	Founders of the Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south
18028601	Jin	Kingdom north of the Song Empire; established by Jurchens in 1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty; ended 1234
18028602	Southern Song	Rump state of the Song Dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out of much larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history
18028603	Junks	Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula
18028604	Flying Money	Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency
18028605	Footbinding	Practice in Chinese societyto mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to household
18028606	Li Bo	Most famous poet of the Tang Era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings