Chapter 7 Flashcards

223294304	Achaemenid	558- 333B.C.E, first Persian Empire, founded by Cyrus who capitalized on weakening Syrian and Babylonian empires. Peak was under Darius	0
223294305	Seleucid	one of the three regions of Alexander's empire; contained Bactria and Anatolia	1
223294306	Parthian	a native or inhabitant of Parthia	2
223294307	Sasanid	group from Persia who defeated the Parthians and ruled until 651 CE Shapur I-alive from 239-272 CE, emperor that stabilized the western frontier of the empire	3
223294308	Satrapy	the twenty provinces that Darius divided the empire into; each province was ruled by a governor	4
223294309	Zoroastrianism	system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster	5
223294310	Ahura Mazda	chief deity of Zoroastrianism	6
223294311	Angra Mainyu	Zarathustra's name for the destructive spirit, the devil; also known as Ahriman.	7
223294312	Avesta	a collection of Zoroastrian texts gathered during the 4th or 6th centuries	8
223294313	Gathas	Hymns or poems written by Zarathustra; considered to be the most authoritative expressions of the Zoroastrian religion.	9
223294314	Cyrus	Persian prince who was defeated in battle by his brother Artaxerxes II (424-401 BC)	10
223294315	Cambyses	a persian king,named after his father cyrus,expanded the persian empire by conquering egypt.	11
223294316	Darius	the great king of persia. he was able to become king after a year of a civil war following the death of someone.	12
223294317	Xerxes	son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C.	13
223294318	Alexander of Macedon	The son of King Philip who inherited all of his father's army. A very powerful and successful leader. He and his army conquered all of Persia and into India. He neglected to appoint a successor so all his conquered land was split up and distributed.	14
223294319	Mithradates I	The Parthians' greatest conqueror who came to the throne about 171 BCE and transformed his state into an empire. He defeated the Seleucid ruler, Demetrius Nicator. He extend Parthian rule to Mesopotamia by 155 BCE. Upon his death, a large empire was bequeathed to his son.	15
223294320	Shapur I	Shapur I known as Shapur I the Great was the second Sassanid King of the Second Persian Empire. The dates of his reign are 240/42 - 270/72 BCE, but it is likely that he also reigned as co-regent (together with his father) prior to his father's death in 242 BCE(more probably than 240). (pg 140 textbook)	16
223294321	Magi	The wise men from the East who brought gifts for the baby Jesus	17
223294322	Zarathustra	the mythical founder of chief prophet of the Ancient Persian religion known as Zoroastrianism, which influenced Jewish and later Christian belief	18