Chapter 11 - The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republicans

Chapter 11 The American Pageant 12th Edition

	Virginian, architect, author, governor, and president. Lived at Monticello. Wrote the Declaration of Independence. Second governor of Virgina. Third president of the United States. Designed the buildings of the University of Virginia. Anti-Federalist
	5th president, begins expansionism including Florida and Missouri, as well as reigning over the Era of Good Feelings
	United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River
	He was Jefferson's secretary. Jefferson and Gallatin believed that to pay the interest on debt, there would have to be taxes. Taxes would suck money from industrious farmers and put it in the hands of wealthy creditors.
	In 1801, President Jefferson appointed Robert Livingston resident minister at the court of Napoleon. It was he who negotiated the Louisiana Purchase from the French. He was also a patron of Robert Fulton, who refined the steam engine.
	American soldier and explorer whom Pikes Peak in Colorada is named. His Pike expedition often compared to the lewis and Clark expedition, mapped much of the southern portion of the Louisianna Purchase
	created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the supreme court
	Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.
	served as the 3rd Vice President of the United States. Member of the Republicans and President of the Senate during his Vice Presidency. He was defamed by the press, often by writings of Hamilton. Challenged Hamilton to a duel in 1804 and killed him.
	"Midnight Judge" appointed in the Judiciary Act of 1801. Sued government because he was never appointed, which resulted in Marbury v. Madison and Judicial Review.
	Strict constructionist, 4th president, father of the Constitution, leads nation through War of 1812
	Shawnee chief who tried to united Native American tribes in Ohio and Indiana against encroaching white rule. Failed.
	Led an attack against Harrison in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
	was an important leader of the Haïtian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti. In a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator.
	supreme court justice of whom the Democratic-Republican Congress tried to remove in retaliation of the John Marshall's decision regarding Marbury; was not removed due to a lack of votes in the Senate.
	Close friend of Thomas Jefferson and experienced soldier who explored the Louisiana Purchase with William Clark, York, and Sacagawea
	Senator who persuaded Congress to accept the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Maine into the Union as a free state, and Missouri as a slave state
	Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work.
	a slave owned by Thomas Jefferson, who, according to some, was the mother of some of Thomas Jefferson's children
	Wilkinson had been an officer in the Continental Army, and later held several positions relating to the Army, such as secretary of the board of war and clothier general to the army. He was one of the Commissioners appointed to receive the Purchase Louisiana from the French, and served as Governor of Louisiana from 1805-1806. He informed Pres. Jefferson of Burr's conspiracy to take over Louisiana, and was the primary witness against Burr at his treason trial, even though Wilkinson was himself implicated in the plot.
	The dispensing of government jobs to persons who belong to the winning political party.
	the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional (John Marshall)
	The political equivalent of an indictment in criminal law, prescribed by the Constitution. The House of Representatives may impeach the president by a majority vote for "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors."
	British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
	Jefferson came up with the Embargo Act which cut off all trade with all countries. Jefferson hoped this would force the English to come to his terms and stop stealing American sailors. This, however, did not work and greatly hurt American trade.
	opened trade with britain and france, said if either nation repealed its restrictions on neutral shipping the US would halt trade with the other, didn't work
	Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.
	Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person in business and political matters.
	In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures.
	This massive victory by the French caused Russia and the Austrians to suspend their support against France
	a law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists
	British followed the Essex decision in 1806, the new policy that declared broken voyages illegal, with first of several trade regulations known as Orders in Council which established a blockade of part of the continent of Europe. It allowed American vessels to trade with French possessions as long as they carried their cargoes to Britain rather than to a continental port controlled by France.
	Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution."
	The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 that were called this because Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration.
	An Incident that took place in 1807 off the coast of Virginia. A royal frigate overhauled a U.S frigate and demanded the surrender of four alleged deserters. The American commander refused the request. The British warship thereupon fired three devastating broadsides at close range killing three Americans and wounding eighteen. Significance: This incident aggravated the Americans and raised tension between the two countries. It also was a major event leading to the war of 1812.
	This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
	This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade. It was difficult to enforce because it was opposed by merchants and everyone else whose livelihood depended upon international trade. It also hurt the national economy, so it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act.
	1803, the U.S. spends $15 million to buy a large amount of land from the west of the Mississippi from France
	Provided that Americans could trade with all nations except Britain and France (1809)
	It is the term used to describe the United States Navy's fleet of small gunboats, leading up to and during the War of 1812.
	instigated by the pasha of Tripoli who was disatisfied with his share of protection money; Jefferson reluctantly rose to the challenge and sent the U.S. Marine Corps to fight; after four years, Jefferson extorted a peace treaty with a bargain price of $60,000 which was used as ransom payments for captured Americans