Ap World History unit 3 Flashcards

249030901	5 Pillars	make a declaration of faith, pray five times daily, give to charity, fast from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca	0
249030902	Abbasid	Dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750 C.E.	1
249030903	Abu Bakr	Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death.	2
249030904	Allah	Muslim name for the one and only God	3
249030905	Alms	money or goods given to the poor	4
249030906	Caliph	the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth	5
249030907	Dar al Islam	an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule	6
249030908	Hajj	the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah	7
249030909	Jihad	a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal	8
249030910	Ka'ba	Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam	9
249030911	Mecca	Place where Muslims go for a pilgrimage	10
249030912	Medina	City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. (p. 231)	11
249030913	Muhammad	the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)	12
249030914	Quran	the holy book of Islam	13
249030915	Sharia	the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed	14
249030916	Shiite	a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs	15
249030917	Sufi	A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means	16
249030918	Sultan	military and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country	17
249030919	Sunni	A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad	18
249030920	Umayyad	the first ruling dynasty over the Muslim caliphate	19
249030921	Umma	Muslim religious community	20
249030922	Conscription	drafting of civilians to serve in the army	21
249030923	Draft Animals	짐을 끄는 동물	22
249030924	Equal-field System	Agricultural reform favoring the peasants under the Tang dynasty in China, inheritance system where 1/5 of the land when to the peasant's descendants and the rest went to the government.	23
249030925	Footbinding	practice in chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household	24
249030926	Grand Canal	The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. (p. 277)	25
249030927	Heian Japan	Mix of japanese ways and chinese influence; Japanese emperors held power but the Fujiwara family really controlled all political dealings through the emperors. During this time in Japan their learned chinese/wrote chinese/ read chinese etc..	26
249030928	Kowtow	a former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission	27
249030929	Mercenaries	hired soldiers	28
249030930	Nara Japan	ast division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The Heian period is considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art, especially poetry and literature. Nara: agricultural in nature, centered around villages. Most of the villagers followed the Shinto religion, based around the worship of natural and ancestral spirits.	29
249030931	Neo Cunfucianism	Wierd mix of Daoism and Buddhism and Confucianism	30
249030932	Porcelain	a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China	31
249030933	Samurai	a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy	32
249030934	Shinto	the native religion and former ethnic cult of Japan	33
249030935	Shogun	the head of the military government of Japan in the era of the samurai	34
249030936	Song Dynasty	(960 - 1279 AD); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton); first to have paper money, explosive gun powder; *landscape black and white paintings	35
249030937	Sui Dynasty	The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China	36
249030938	Tang Dynasty	considered the golden age of Chinese civilization and ruled for nearly 300 years; China grew under the dynasty to include much of eastern Asia, as well as large parts of Central Asia	37
249030939	Terrace Farming	a farming system that is in the form of steps going up a mountain	38
249030940	Tributary Relationship	Unequal system between China and surrounding counties; peoples of the neighboring lands would recognize Chinese emperors as their overlords. Envoys from subordinate states would regularly present gifts to Chinese court and perform the knowtow ritual as tokens of their subordination. In return they recieved confirmation of their authority as well as lavish gifts from the Chinese court. The system facilitate trade the cultural exchange between China and other countries.	39
249030941	Uighurs	A group of Turkic-speakers who controlled their own centralized empire from 744 to 840 in Mongolia and Central Asia.	40
249030942	Wu Zhou	An empress who held the real power while weak emperors sat on the throne and in 690 declared herself first woman emperor. She conquered Korea	41
249030943	White Huns	nomadic invaders from central Asia; invaded India; disrupted Gupta administration	42
249030944	King Harsha	(r. 606-648) temporarily restored unified rule in most of northern India.	43
249030945	Emporia	Indian port cities that were involved in maritime trade in the Indian Ocean Basin	44
249030946	Axum	Axum was a trading center and a powerful ancient kingdom in northern present-day Ethiopia.	45
249030947	Byzantine Empire	Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from 'Byzantion,' an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. (250)	46
249030948	Caesaropapism	system in which the temporal ruler extends his own powers to ecclesiastical and theological matters.	47
249030949	Justinian	Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code	48
249030950	Hagia Sophia	Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world.	49
249030951	Themes	Divisions of land	50
249030952	Germanic States	States in western europe that were not byzantine...struggled to unite or remain strong	51
249030953	Carolingians	the family that ruled the Franks in Gaul from 751 to 987 in the Carolingian Dynasty. This began when Pepin was declared king. They lost power after the Treaty of Verdun.	52
249030954	Charlamagne	King of the Franks from 768 to 814, and emperor of Rome from 800 to 814	53
249030955	Vikings	one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western from the eighth through the tenth century.	54
249030956	Bezant	a gold coin of the Byzantine Empire	55
249030957	Feudalism	a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service	56
249030958	Roman Catholic	the Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal hierarchy	57
249030959	Eastern Orthodox	The Christian religion of the Byzantine Empire in the middle east that formed from Christianity's schism between the remains of the western and eastern Roman Empire. The Christian church ruled by the Byzantine emperor and the patriarchs of various historically significant Christian centers/cities.	58
249030960	Schism	division of a group into opposing factions	59
249030961	Pope Gregory I	590-604 was most important figure for providing Roman church with sense of direction; "Gregory the Great"; mobilized local resources and organized defense of Rome	60