Chapter 5: Greece and Iran, (1000-30 B.C.E.) Flashcards

229180552	Cyrus	united the various Persian tribes and overthrew the Median monarch	0
229180553	Darius I	the third ruler of the Persian Empire; crushed the widespread initial resistance to his rule and gave all major government posts to Persians rather than to Medes; he established a system of provinces and tribute; began the construction of Persepolis; and expanded Persian control in the east (Pakistan) and the west (northern Greece)	1
229180554	Xerxes	son of Darius, who took the throne, invaded Greece, and was eventually defeated	2
229180555	satrap	governor of Persia	3
229180556	Persepolis	Parsa; a complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homeland; supposed to be the main capital city	4
229180557	Zoroastrianism	a religion originating in ancient Iran with the prophet Zoroaster; centered on a single benevolent deity, Ahuramazda; emphasized truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature; it demanded humans to choose sides between good and evil; may have influenced Judaism, Christianity, and other faiths	5
229180558	polis	"city-state" in Greek that consisted of an urban center and the rural territory that it controlled	6
229180559	hoplites	heavily armored infantrymen who fought in close formation	7
229180560	tyrant	a person who seized and held power in violation of the normal political institutions and traditions of the community	8
229180561	democracy	the excercise of political power by all free, adult males	9
229180562	sacrifice	central ritual of Greek religion; performed at altars in front of the temples that the Greeks built for the gods to live in	10
229180563	Pericles	Aristocratic leader who guided the Athenian state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens, supervised construction of the Acropolis, and pursued a policy of imperial expansion that led to the Peloponnesian War	11
229180564	Persian War	two Perisan attacks on Greece in the early 5th century B.C.E.	12
229180565	trireme	a sleeker	13
229180566	Herodotus	the ancient Greek known as the "father of history"	14
229180567	Socrates	Athenian philosopher who was sentenced to trial and executed by the Athenian state for "corrupting the youth of Athens"	15
229180568	Plato	Greek philosopher and student of Socrates; knowledge based on consideration of ideal forms outside the material world; proposed ideal form of government based on abstract principles in which philosophers ruled	16
229180569	Aristotle	another great Greek philosopher; pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought	17
229180570	Athens	a powerful Greek city-state that was a long time rival of Sparta; was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy and architecture	18
229180571	Sparta	a Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts	19
229180572	Peloponnesian War	a costly conflict between Athenians and Spartans; was largely a consequence of Athenian imperialism; Spartans prevailed	20
229180573	Alexander	A.K.A. "Alexander the Great", King of Macedonia; he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East	21
229180574	Hellenistic Age	after the fall of Rome; the era in which Greek culture spread across western Asia and northern Africa after te conquests of Alexander the Great	22
229180575	Ptolemies	ruled Egypt and sometimes laid claim to Palestine	23
229180576	Alexandria	the first of the new cities laid out by Alexander	24
229180577	Susa	the chief capital of the Persian Empire	25
229180578	humanism	a philosophy in which interests and values of human beings are of primary importance	26
229182118	classical	relating to or teaching academic branches of knowledge, as the humanities, general sciences, etc. as distinguished from technical subjects	27
229182119	empire	a group of diverse companies under common ownership and run as a single organization	28
229182120	barbarian	a foreigner	29
229182121	bureaucracy	a system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials	30
229182123	centralization	the concentration of administrative power in a central government, authority, etc.	31
229182124	cosmopolitan	widely distributed; not limited to just local areas	32