AP World History Unit 2 Flashcards

AP World History Unit 2 flashcards for use when studying for the final.

63700613	Sui Dynasty	The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China	0
63700614	Tang Dynasty	Dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age that reigned during 618 - 907 AD; China expands from Vietnam to Manchuria. Technology and Arts flourished	1
63700615	Grand Canal	The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.	2
63700616	Annam	China held Annam for 1,000 years when they were conquered by the Han, then became Vietnamese	3
63700617	Shinto	The native religion and former ethnic cult of Japan that whorships nature. It coexists with Buddhism in Japan	4
63700618	Celts	Early inhabitants of Britain, who were conquered by Romans	5
63700619	Goths	An array of Germanic people- distinguished by their German language and residence- settled in northern Europe outside the Celtic and Roman strongholds. They had grown tired of being subordinate to them and fought back and had a hand in Rome's decline	6
63700620	Justinian I	Byzantine emperor who built the Haiga Sophia; his reign was a turning point for Christianity: paganism finally lost. He tried to restore territories to the Western Roman Empire but ultimately failed.	7
63700621	Justinian Code	The body of Roman law collected by order of the Byzantine emperor, Justinian around A.D. 534.	8
63700622	Iconociasm	726 CE. The iconoclastic controversy was the bitter battle over the use of images, or icons, in Christian worship as a response to the Arab invasions. An Iconoclast is an "image breaker" or a person who rejects the veneration of icons because its idolatrous.	9
63700623	Orthodoxy	Acceptance of common faith	10
63700624	Caroligian	Was the Royal Family ruling the Franks. (Charlemagne's family)	11
63700625	Charlemagne	King of the Franks who conquered much of Western Europe, Great patron of literature and learning, threatened conquered people with conversion to Christianity or death	12
63700626	Carolingian Renaissance	Period of intellectual, cultural, and economic revival occurring in the late eighth and ninth centuries, with the peak of the activities occurring during the reign of Charlemagne	13
63700627	Quran	The sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina	14
63700628	Mecca	The holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace	15
63700629	Ka'aba	A rectangular building that housed a cubical black stone structure. It is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine	16
63700630	Hajj	A pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims	17
63700631	Jihad	Sacred struggle, often called the "sixth pillar" of Islam. It could be a war to preserve and extend Islam or a personal call to the individual , internal, spiritual struggle to live Islam as fully as possible	18
63700632	Dar al-Islam	"The abode of Islam." The land of Islam, or the territories in which Islam and its religious laws (shari'a) may be freely practiced.	19
63700633	Hijra	Muhammad's "migration" or flight from Mecca, where his life was in danger, to Medina where he was welcomed as a potential leader in 622 BC	20
63700634	Sunni	One of the two main branches of orthodox Islam. Felt that the Caliph should be chosen from the Ummayyad and believed in the importace of the Umma in making political decisions	21
63700635	Shi'a	One of the two main branches of orthodox Islam. Felt that Caliph should stay in the Prophet's family and stressed religious purity	22
63700636	Ali	Prophet Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law; a leading figure in the Shi'a branch of Islam	23
63700637	Imam	Muslim prayer leader	24
63700638	Mahdi	Arabic word meaning "the right guided one." A messianic leader who will appear to restore justice, truth, and religion for a brief period before the Day of Judgement	25
63700639	Muhammed	The prophet and founder of Islam	26
63700640	Hadith	Traditional records of the deeds and utterances of the prophet Muhammad, and the basis, after the Quran, for Islamic theology and law. It's the stories of Muhammad's life, words, and deeds.	27
63700641	Ummayyad	Clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca, this clan is Uthman's family. Called themselves Sunnis. "Umma" is a community of believers in Islam, which transcends ethnic and political boundaries.	28
63700642	Abbasid	Dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750 C.E.They used Arabic to unify heterogeneous people and were able to solve administrative problems of large empires	29
63700643	Fatamids	Claimed to be the rightful successors of the Prophet, conquered Egypt and much of northern Africa, broke with Baghdad., and Abbasid state dissolved.	30
63700644	Seljuk Turks	Nomadic invaders from Central Asia via Persia; staunch Sunnis; ruled in the name of Abbasid caliphs from mid-11th century; able to restore political initiative to the much reduced caliphate; ended threat of Shi'a conquest	31
63700645	Ulama	Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. (p. 238)	32
63700646	Sufis	A mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life	33
63700647	Delhi Sultanate	A Muslim leader of Ghur who defeated Hindu armies made Delhi, the third largest city of India, his capital. Also, a series of sultans that controlled Northern India.	34
63700648	Ghana	First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E.	35
63700649	Mali	Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade.	36
63700650	Sundiata	The founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes	37
63700651	Mansa Musa	A Mali king who brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; he was the most powerful king in west Africa	38
63700652	Dhimmi	"People of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus & Buddhists	39
63700653	Crusade	Christian powers of Europe tried to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims during the 11-13th centuries	40
63700654	Caliph	Successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims	41
63700655	Abu Bakr	First muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death.	42
63700656	Free Market Economy	Capitalism, private ownership law of supply and demand. Demand & competition set the prices & supplies of goods in this type of economy.	43
63700657	Tenochititlan	Aztec capital in Mexico	44
63700658	Sahel	Belt south of the Sahara; literally 'coastland' in Arabic. (p. 215)	45
63700659	Songhay	Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali	46
63700660	Axum	Major trade center, perfect location along Red Sea, conquered Nubia, converted to Christianity	47
63700661	Great Zimbabwe	A powerful southeast African city, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state.,	48
63700662	Jong	A friend, often used in direct address	49
63700663	Marco Polo	Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.	50
63700664	Song Dynasty	The imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy and great accomplishments	51
63700665	Pax Mongolica	"Mongol Peace" used to describe the eased communication and commerce the unified administration helped to create	52
63700666	Ibn Battuta	(1304-1369) Morrocan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period.	53
63700667	Temujin/ Chinggis Khan	Genghis Khan's birthname, Born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227, prior to conquest of most of Islamic world.	54
63700668	Black Death	An outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of people	55
63700669	Kublai Khan	Mongol ruler, he completed the conquest of China and founded the Yuan dynasty (Gehngis Kahn's grandson)	56
63700670	Vikings	Scandinavian pirates who plundered the coasts of Europe from the 8th to 10th centuries.	57
63700671	Leif Ericksson	Viking king known for exploration pf Iceland, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland. (First European to land on North America)	58
63700672	Willliam the Conqueror	William, duke of Normany, conquered England	59
63700673	Battle of Lepanto	A naval battle fought between a Spanish and Venetian fleet and the German navy. The Spanish won. The battle meant that European navies ahd surpassed the Muslims. The Turks could no longer challenge Europeans on international routes.	60
63700674	Guilds	Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests	61
63700675	Feudalism	A political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service	62