Unit 2 Flashcards

231751840	4 noble truths	1. life contains suffering 2. cause of suffering 3. suffering can be "cured" 4. follow "middle way" (Eightfold Path)	0
231751841	8 fold path	To reach Nirvana 1. right views, 2. intention, 3. speech, 4. actions, 5. living, 6. effort, 7. mindfulness, 8. concentration	1
231751842	Achaemenids	Dynasty ruling in Persia from Cyrus I to Darius III (553-330 BC).	2
231751843	Alexander of Macedonia	356-323 B.C. established the Hellenic Age (the fusion of Greek culture with the East).	3
231751844	Analects	Collection of the ideas and teachings of Confucius	4
231751845	Anatolia	a peninsula in southwestern Asia that forms the Asian part of Turkey	5
231751846	Animism	the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls	6
231751847	Ashoka	a ruler of the Mauryan Empire who converted to Buddhism	7
231751848	Athens	the capital and largest city of Greece	8
231751849	Bactria	The ancient region stretching from the Hindu Kush mountain range to the ancient Ganhara region of the Indian subcontinent.	9
231751850	Brahma	the Creator	10
231751851	Brahmin	any of several breeds of Indian cattle	11
231751852	Buddha	founder of Buddhism	12
231751853	Bureaucrat	an official of a bureaucracy	13
231751854	Carthage	an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis	14
231751855	Caste system	a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity	15
231751856	Conscription	compulsory military service	16
231751857	Constantine	Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)	17
231751858	Constantinople	Previously known as Byzantium, Constantine changed the name of the city and moved the capitol of the Roman Empire here from Rome.	18
231751859	Consuls	chief executives elected to run the government in ancient Rome	19
231751860	Cyrus	King of Persians; expanded the Persian Empire from Afghanistan to the Aegean Sea	20
231751861	Daoism	philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events	21
231751862	Darius	The great king of Persia. He was able to become a king after a year of a civil war following the death of someone. He is responsible for the expansion of Persia. He made a province in western India and expanded Persia as far north as Macedonia	22
231751863	Deforestation	the removal of trees	23
231751864	Desertification	the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert	24
231751865	Dharma	in Hinduism, the duties and obligations of each caste	25
231751866	Diaspora	the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel	26
231751867	Diplomacy	wisdom in the management of public affairs	27
231751868	Eunuch	a man who has been castrated and is incapable of reproduction	28
231751869	Filial Piety	Respect for parents	29
231751870	Gaul	an ancient region of western Europe that included what is now northern Italy and France and Belgium and part of Germany and the Netherlands	30
231751871	Han Wudi	The most important Han Emperor. Expanded the Empire in all directions. Created the Civil Service System. Established Public Schools.	31
231751872	Hegemony	the domination of one state over its allies	32
231751873	Huns	Nomadic people from Asia who attacked the Roman Empire.	33
231751874	Jainism	religion founded in the 6th century BC as a revolt against Hinduism	34
231751875	Jati	sub castes; were groups of people within each caste that worked together for one economic function	35
231751876	Jesus	a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth	36
231751877	Julius Ceasar	Roman general and dictator. He was murdered by a group of senators and his former friend Brutus who hoped to restore the normal running of the republic	37
231751878	Legalism	In China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime. (p.52)	38
231751879	Magi	The wise men from the East who brought gifts for the baby Jesus	39
231751880	Monastic	a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work	40
231751881	Monsoons	seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons	41
231751882	Octavian Agustus	The Roman ruler who began the "Pax Romana".	42
231751883	Parthians	a native or inhabitant of Parthia	43
231751884	Patricians	the wealthy class in Roman society; landowners	44
231751885	Patronage	(politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support	45
231751886	Pax Romana	the Roman peace	46
231751887	Plebeians	of the common people of ancient Rome	47
231751888	Polis	City-state	48
231751889	Punjab	a historical region on northwestern India and northern Pakistan	49
231751890	Qanat	underground canal used in water systems of ancient Persians	50
231751891	Reincarnation	a second or new birth	51
231751892	Sanskrit	(Hinduism) an ancient language of India (the language of the Vedas and of Hinduism)	52
231751893	Satrapies	the 20 states into which Darius divided the Persian Empire	53
231751894	Seleucids	They controlled Persia after the death of Alexander. Their king was one of Alexander's generals.	54
231751895	Senate	In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats.	55
231751896	Shamanism	an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans	56
231751897	Siddartha Gautama	founder of Buddhism	57
231751898	Sparta	Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts	58
231751899	Stoics	Hellenistic group of philosophers; emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of the body and personal bravery	59
231751900	Tribute	something given or done as an expression of esteem	60
231751901	Varna	a basic subdivision of humanity in the Hindu caste system	61
231751902	Veneration	a profound emotion inspired by a deity	62
231751903	Visigoths	Germanic tribe that was forced into the Roman Empire by the Huns	63
231751904	Xerxes	son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C.	64
231751905	Xiongnu	A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. Chinese rulers tried a variety of defenses and stratagems to ward off these 'barbarians,' as they called them, and dispersed them in 1st Century. (168)	65