Chapter 9 Reading Guide Flashcards

48864380	Byzantine Empire	began in 4th century CE; Eastern Roman Empire; capital at Constantinople; high levels of commerce due to location on the Eastern Mediterranean	0
48864381	Justinian	Eastern Roman emperor between 527 and 565 CE; tried to restore unity of old Roman Empire; issued most famous compilation of Roman Law; extended later Roman architecture (ex. Hagia Sopia)	1
48864382	Hagia Sophia	new church constructed in Constantinople during reign of Justinian; featured construction of a large dome	2
48864383	Belisarius	one of Justinian's most important military commanders during period of reconquest of Western Europe; commended in North Africa and Italy	3
48868472	Greek Fire	Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals (petroleum, quicklime, sulfur) that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople	4
48868473	Bulgaria	Slavic Kingdom established in Northern portions of Balkan peninsula; constant source of pressure on Byzantine Empire; defeated by Emperor Basil II in 1014; became part of the Byzantine Empire; king took the title "tsar"	5
48901199	Kievan Rus'	first civilization in Russia; influenced by the Byzantine Empire	6
48901200	Kiev	trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in the 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to the 12th century	7
48901201	Rurik of Denmark	legedary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 CE	8
48901202	Vladimir I	ruler of Russian Kingdom of Kiev from 980 to 1015; converted kingdom to Christianity	9
48901203	Russian Orthodox	Russian form of Christianity imported from Byzantine Empire and combined with local religion; king characteristically controlled major appointments	10
48901204	Boyars	Russian aristocrats; possessed less political power than did their counterparts in western Europe	11
48901205	Tatars	Mongols; captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kievan state in 1236; left Russian orthodoxy and aristocracy in tact	12
49912077	Cyril & Methodius	missionaries sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and the Balkans to orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written Slavic script	13
49912078	Iconoclasm	religious controversy within the Byzantine Empire in the 8th century; "breaking of the images"; emperor attempted to suppress veneration of icons	14