AP World History Test 3 Flashcards

229809985	jinns	natural spirit in pre-Islamic Arabia	0
229809986	Shaitans	"devil" evil/ opposing force, demon spirits (satan)	1
229809987	Muhammad	founder of Islam	2
229809988	Khadija	married Muhammad, her wealth allowed him to retire and travel	3
229809989	Muhammad's Revelation	Muhammad was visited by angel Gabriel and was told he was to be God's prophet	4
229809990	Allah	Islam God	5
229809991	Koran	compilation of messages from Gabriel, Islam holy book	6
229809992	Shari'a	fundamental beliefs of Islam and Islamic law contained in the Koran	7
229809993	Five Pillars of Islam	Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage	8
229809994	Mecca	Muhammad born here, converts it to Islam	9
229809995	Hajj	pilgrimage to Mecca	10
229809996	Kaaba	most sacred sight in Islam in Mecca	11
229809997	Hijrah	Muhammad's move to Medina	12
229809998	Medina	trading town where Muhammad is able to spread Islam	13
229809999	Dome of the Rock	place where Muhammad is believed to have ascended to heaven in Jerusalem, important sight for Jews, Christians, and Muslims	14
229810000	Mosque	Muslim place of worship	15
229810001	Rightly Guided Caliphs	first 4 caliphs after Muhammad, ruled by Muhammad's example	16
229810002	Fatimah	Muhammad's daughter	17
229810003	Jihad	"holy war" a strategy where Islam can be defended	18
229810004	Ummayads	expanded Islam rapidly using force	19
229810005	Shiites (Shi'a)	believe in order to be a Muslim priest, one must be a direct relative of Muhammad	20
229810006	Sunnis (Sunnites)	lat any Muslim become priest	21
229810007	Two main branches of Islam	Shiites and Sunnis	22
229810008	Ummayad Caliphate	had a large empire and are one of the major factors for the spread of Islam	23
229810009	Mu'awiyah	Muslims split and followed Mu'awiyah after Ali's death	24
229810010	Husayn	Ali's son, half of the Muslims followed Husayn after Ali's death	25
229810011	Abassid Caliphate	spread Islam through religious tolerance and diversity	26
229873420	Great Schism	split of Catholicism and Orthodoxy	27
229873421	Nika Revolts	revolts against Byzantine empire	28
229873422	Hagia Sophia	means "holy wisdom", church in Constantinople, now a mosque	29
229873423	Treaty of Verdun	divided Charlamagne's empire into kingdoms by his grandsons	30
229873424	Clovis	leader of Franks, first leader to bring Christianity into Western Europe	31
229873425	Charles Martel	leader at Battle of Tours	32
229873426	Battle of Tours	battle to stop Umayyads and Islam from getting into Europe	33
229873427	Pepin the Short	father of Charlemagne	34
229873428	Charlemagne	unifies Europe under Christianity	35
229873429	feudalism or manorialism	established to create order in Europe, ordered society around land holding in exchange for service or labor	36
229873430	fief	the piece of land received by a lord	37
229873431	manor	fief that was transformed into a farming community	38
229873432	tithe	money collected by bishops for the church, 10%	39
229873433	serfs	servants "bound to the land"	40
229873434	three field crop rotation	keeps nutrients from becoming depleted in the soil, stimulated agriculture	41
229873435	Hanseatic League (Hansa)	considered first of great trade organizations, promoted trade in northern Europe for 500 years	42
229873436	bourgeois	middle class developed during feudalism, ended up being the most resented and rebelled against class	43
229873437	Celts	first people to live in England, taken over by Angles, Saxons, and Jutes	44
229873438	Angles, Saxons, and Jutes	took over England from Celts, established England as Europe's first nation-state	45
229873439	William I	England's first great king, took control of English towns and became powerful unifier, restored order	46
229873440	Bayeaux Tapestry	depicts William I conquering England	47
229873441	King John	singed Magna Carta	48
229873442	Magna Carta	first European rights document, shifter power from king to nobles	49
229873443	Capetian Dynasty	restored order in France under group of Monarchs	50
229873444	Heresy	going against church teachings	51
229873445	indulgence tax	money paid to the church if you were accused of being a heretic	52
229873446	excommunication	process by which you were banished from the church	53
229873447	inquisition board	board of church officials who judged heresy	54
229873448	papacy	upper level leadership of the Catholic church	55
229873449	Eric the RED	found Greenland and Iceland	56
229873450	Leif Ericson	Eric the Red's son, first known European to discover and settle North America	57
229873451	Rurik	explored Russia and established trading cities in order to link Baltic to Black Sea	58
229873452	Kievan Russia	first Russian state in Kiev	59
229873453	Vladimir	made Kievan Russia into a complex society by creating a powerful central government and created Orthodoxy as a unified religion	60
229873454	Novgorod	important trade city in Hansiatic League, important trade link between Silk Road and Hansiatic League	61
229873455	Holy Land	now Israel, sacred to Jews, Muslims, and Christians	62
229873456	Crusader States	established during 1st Crusade in Holy Land	63
229873457	Crusade of Kings	Third Crusade, led by 3 kings	64
229873458	Saladin	signed Treaty of 1192 to let Christians have free passage into Holy Land	65
229873459	Kings that led 3rd Crusade	Philip Augustus, Frederick Barbarossa, Richard I	66
229873460	Philip Augustus	King of France	67
229873461	Frederick Barbarossa	King of Holy Roman Empire	68
229873462	Richard I	King of England	69
229873463	Children's Crusade	thousands of children marched to Mediterranean and were captured for slave trade	70
229873464	Black Plague	disease epidemic that killed almost 75 million people in Europe, ran along trade routes, height during 1347-1351	71