Post-Classical Essential Terms II Flashcards

246145042	Wendi	Member of prominent northern Chinese family during period of Six Dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor; supported by nomadic peoples of northern China; established Sui dynasty	0
246145043	Neo-Confucianism	the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the Tang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism	1
246145044	Jinshi	Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office	2
246145045	Jurchens	Founders of Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced the Song to flee south.	3
246145046	Junks	Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula	4
246145047	Flying Money	Credit vouchers that could be presented for reimbursement	5
246145048	Changan	Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time.	6
246145049	Heian	Capital city of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated	7
246145050	Samurai	feudal Japanese military aristocracy	8
246145051	Bakufu	Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai	9
246145052	Shogun	a hereditary military dictator of Japan, head of the Bakufu	10
246145053	Daimyo	a japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai	11
246145054	Choson	earliest Korean Kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 BCE	12
246145055	Sinification	Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam.	13
246145056	Silla	Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668.	14
246145057	Nguyen	Southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi	15
246145058	Trung Sisters	Leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; children of a deposed local leader	16
246145059	Chinggis Khan	Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history.	17
246145060	Karakorum	Capital of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan, 1162 - 1227.	18
246145061	Batu	ruler of the Golden Horde; one of Chinggis Khan's grandsons; responsible for the invasion of Russia beginning in 1236.	19
246145062	Ogadei	Third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded Chinggs Khan as khagan of the Mongols following his father's death	20
246145063	Golden Horde	Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam.	21
246145064	Ilkhan Khanate	One of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid Empire	22
246145065	Khanate	a region of Mongol Empire, having its own leader, or khan, and government	23
246145066	Hulegu	ruler of Ilkhan Khanate; grandson of Chinggis Khan; responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad	24
246145067	Mameluks	Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance	25
246145068	Kublai Khan	Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China	26
246145069	Timur-i-Lang	Last major nomad leader; 14th-century Turkic ruler of Samarkand; launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405.	27
246145070	Ibn-Rushd	Muslim philosopher who blended Aristotle and Plato's views with Islam	28
246145071	Averroes	Arabian philosopher born in Spain	29
246145072	Ottoman Empire	a Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe	30
246145073	Cheng Ho	Admiral (a Muslim Chinese) who commanded the great Indian Ocean expeditions between 1405 and 1433.	31
246145074	Humanism	the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason	32
246145075	Mughals	Mongols of the Indian Subcontinent. This name was used because they were a mix of the Islamic Mongols and the native Hindus	33
246145076	Ethnocentrism	belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group	34
246145077	Toltecs	Powerful empire in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization.	35
246145078	Aztecs	The Azetcs were a Native American Empire who lived in Mexico. Their capital was Tenochtitlan. Conquered by Cortes in 1521.	36
246145079	Tenochtitlan	Aztec capital city, located in present-day Mexico City	37
246145080	Calpulli	Clans in Aztec society, later explanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors	38
246145081	Chinampas	Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.	39
246145082	Twantinsuyu	Inca Empire; region from present-day Columbia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina	40
246145083	Inca	Largest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco.	41
246145084	Split Inheritance	Inca practice of descent; all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendants for support of cult of dead Inca's mummy.	42
246145085	Mita	In the Incan empire, the requirement that all able-bodied subjects work for the state a certain number of days each year.	43
246145086	Quipu	An arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information.	44