Chp 6&7 Flashcards

244597739	interact	what is Afro-Eurasian world starting to do in the Post-Classical World?	0
244597740	Islam	what does the Post-Classical era coincice with, causing it to end?	1
244597741	the Mongols	who brings the decline of the Islamic EMPIRE (not religion)?	2
244597742	Arabia	what area has inhopspitable desert?	3
244597743	Bedouin	Arabia is home to the pastoral nomadic society of the ___________. the nomadic clans of pastoralist and herders (first converters to Islam) who lived in the arabian peninsula	4
244597744	polytheism	what was the religion of the Bedouins=?	5
244597745	allah	what term goes all the way back to the Bedouins?	6
244597746	warriors and fighters	what were men considered to be in clans and tribes?	7
244597747	tribes	when clans interact with other clans... they form_________	8
244597748	shayks (sheiks)	________ ruled over the clan, and potentially the whole tribe. had to be a warrior	9
244597749	honor	what was the constant fighting of each other for?	10
244597750	unified	Islam ________ the Bedouins and allowed them to overcome the problems of tribalism	11
263626463	women	who had greater freedom at this time?	12
263626464	mecca	what city was founded by the Umayyad clan, was the center of trade in Arabia along the Red Sea, and was big for caravan trade?	13
263626465	camels	who were called "ships of the desert"?	14
263626466	merchant elite	who had control of the city of mecca?	15
263626467	Ka'ba	religious building in Mecca that dates back to before islam	16
263626468	black stone	supposedly came down from heaven (was a symbol for polytheism[but always allah]may have originally been white	17
263626469	Medina (Yathrib)	northeast of mecca, some caravan trade. control contested by Bedouins and Jewish clans	18
263626470	muhammad	considered to be the founder of Islam	19
263626471	caravan manager	what did muhammad grow up to be as?	20
263626472	Khadija	Muhammad's wife	21
263626473	610 CE	when did the angel of Gabriel come to Muhammad?	22
263626474	dhimmi	people of the book : Jews and Christians	23
263626475	Hijra	flight of Muhammad and his followers from mecca to medina in 622 (due to persecution in Mecca)	24
263626476	629	when did Muhammad come back to Mecca in triumph and removed all tribal idols except the black stone?	25
263626477	unified divided clans of Arabia	benefit of Islam to the arabs	26
263626478	umma	community of faithful. put an end to feuding by uniting under allah	27
263626479	egalitarianism	ethical system which stressed dignity and equality of all believers	28
263626480	shariah	islamic law code created out of the Quran and the ideas of Muhammad. regulated all aspects of Muslim life.	29
263626481	islam	arabic word meaning "sumbission" to the one tru god and Muhammad	30
263626482	koran (quran)	the "holy book" the sacred text of islam that comes from Muhammad (who had been told by Gabriel)	31
263626483	muslims	followers of Islam. "one who submits"	32
263626484	five pillars	confession of faith, prayer, ramadan, zakat, and hajj	33
263626485	confession of faith	professing that you are worshiping Allah as the one true god and muhammad as the last prophet	34
263626486	prayer	pray 5 times a day facing Mecca.	35
263626487	friday	what is the islamic holy day?	36
263626488	ramadan	the month of fasting. shows self control, sacrifice, and that the faith is more important than physical needs	37
263626489	zakat	the alms giving. idea that the strong should help the weak, rich the poor, ahd give to charity	38
263626490	hajj	the coming to the ka'ba + rituals	39
263626491	arab empire	when the Arabs expanded thus spreading islam and established the foundations for an enduring Islamic civilization	40
263626492	trade routes	how did most of islam spread?	41
263626493	question of succession	what problem arose after Muhammad's death?	42
263626494	arab caliphs	political leaders after the death of Muhammad (pretty much the same thing as an emperor)	43
263626495	caliphate	basically like an empire	44
263626496	abu bakr	first caliph. unified Arab/Bedouins under Islamic faith and began to expand. conquered parts of the Byzantine and Persian empires, but was murdered	45
263626497	jihad	means struggle (as in struggle for faith). as been used incorrectly as the holy war	46
263626498	ali	muhammad's nephew. challeneged by and lost to Umayyad clan and was then assassinated. sons: Hasan and Husayn	47
263626499	hasan	son of ali: stepped aside and didnt want to get involved	48
263626500	shi'a	minority today except in Iraq and Iran. think that ali and husayn are the true heirs to Muhammad	49
263626501	sunni	majority: the Umayyad population. spreads more than the Shi'a	50
263626502	umayyad caliphate	begain with the controversy over caliph: ali of Mu'awiya. spread into south asia but doesnt take hold. threatened muhammad forcing him to flee to Medina and eventually created a split in Islam when they came to power	51
263626503	damascus	the Umayyad capital was moved from Mecca to: ____________	52
263626504	mawali	non-arab converts	53
263626505	jizya	tax money that non-Muslims paid	54
263626506	harem	means "forbidden"-- the idea of secluding women and keeping them for the caliph. comes from the persians	55
263626507	abu al-abbas	distantly related to Muhammad and was supported by the shi'a because they hated the Umayyad. mawali also supported him. (had overthrown the umayyad)	56
263626508	baghdad	where did the Abbasid move the capital?	57
263626509	mongol invasion	how did the arab empire appasid caliphate come to an end?	58
263626510	fear of idolatry	why dont muslims show anything with a soul in art and architecture?	59
263882330	political centralization	what does Africa have little of?	60
263882331	assimilate	Hindus expected the Muslims to: ________	61
263882332	first invasion	the Umayyad conquered Indus River Valley in early 700s	62
263882333	learning	what did the Hindus transmit to the Muslims?	63
263882334	second invasion	Turkish and Persian (those who had converted to Islam) during the Abbasid empire invade	64
263882335	delhi sultinate	established by the Turks and the Persians in 1206. rule for 300 years in the Northern Ganges area	65
263882336	Sultan	ran the Dehli Sultinate in the city of Dehli. not a caliphate because the people were not arab	66
263882337	untouchables	who were the most people converting in India?	67
263882338	northern india	where were most of the converts located?	68
263882339	Sufi	mystics. branch of Islam	69
263882340	style and cultural practices	what did many muslims adopt from the Hindus?	70
263882341	India	the least converted and integrated of all areas controlled by Islam	71
263882342	pakistan	what is "northern india" NOW that is still Muslim?	72
263882343	southeast asia	part of the Euro-Asian trading complex via the Indian ocean	73
263882344	Shrivijaya	the Buddhist trading network that collapses and helps spread ISlam	74
263882345	flexible	Islam didnt force conversion, therefore it was: ____________	75
274367791	arabian peninsula	the birthplace of the firls global civilization (Islam)	76
274367792	dhows	arab sailing vessels	77
274381950	Harun al-Rashid	most famous Abbasid caliph who lived a life of splendor and about whom "The Thousand and One Nights" may have been written	78
274381951	buyids	the persian family that captured the city of Baghdad in 945 and from that point on controlled the abbasid caliphs	79
274381952	saladin	the strong muslim leader who was successful against the Christian crusaders in the 12th century	80
274381953	european christians	who did the crusades impact the most?	81
274381954	persian	what language/culture became primary in the literary expression of the abbasid empire?	82
274381955	mongols	the nomadic asian people who invaded the abbasid territory, took baghdad and executed the last abbasid caliph	83
274381956	chinggis khan	the great leader of the mongols who led the first raid in the 1220s	84
274381957	hinduism	what religion were the bhaktic cults associated with?	85
274381958	buddhism	what religion had most converts to islam in india?	86
274381959	malacca	the powerful trading city in asia that was key to the spread of islam	87