ap world history ch 22 Flashcards

49062159	Asian sea trading network	Divided, from West to East, into three zones prior to the European arrival: an Arab zone based on glass, carpets, and tapestries; an Indian zone, with cotton textiles; and a Chinese zone, with paper, porcelain, and silks	0
49062160	Goa	Indian city developed by the Portuguese as a major Indian Ocean base; developed an important Indo-European population	1
49062161	Ormuz	Portuguese establishment at the southern end of the Persian Gulf; a major trading base.	2
49062162	Malacca	City on the tip of the Malayan peninsula; a center for trade to the southeastern Asian islands; became a major Portuguese trading base	3
49062163	Batavia	Dutch establishment on Java; created in 1620	4
49062164	Treaty of Gijanti (1757):	Reduced the remaining independent Javanese princes to vassals of the Dutch East India Company; allowed the Dutch to monopolize Java's coffee production.	5
49062165	Luzon	Northern island of the Philippines; conquered by Spain during the 1560s; site of a major Catholic missionary effort.	6
49062166	Mindanao:	Southern island of the Philippines; a Muslim area able to successfully resist Spanish conquest.	7
49062167	Francis Xavier	Franciscan missionary who worked in India during the 1540s among outcast and lower-caste groups; later worked in Japan	8
49062168	Robert Di Nobli	Italian Jesuit active in India during the early 1600s; failed in a policy of first converting indigenous elites	9
49062169	Hongwu	First Ming emperor (1368-1403); drove out the Mongols and restored the position of the scholar-gentry	10
49062170	Macao and Canton	The only two ports in Ming China where Europeans were allowed to trade.	11
49062171	The Water Margin, Monkey, and The Golden Lotus	Novels written during the Ming period; recognized as classics and established standards for Chinese prose literature.	12
49062172	Zhenghe	Chinese admiral who led seven overseas trade expeditions under Ming emperor Yunglo between 1405 and 1423; demonstrated that the Chinese were capable of major ocean exploration	13
49062173	Matteo Ricci and Adam Schall	Jesuit scholars at the Ming court; also skilled scientists; won few converts to Christianity.	14
49062174	Manchu	Zhurchen people from region to the northeast of the Chinese empire; seized power and created the Qing dynasty after the collapse of the Ming	15
49062175	Nobunaga	The first Japanese daimyo to make extensive use of firearms; in 1573 deposed the last Ashikaga shogun; unified much of central Honshu; died in 1582	16
49062176	Toyotomo Hideyoshi	General under Nobunaga; succeeded as a leading militarypower in central Japan; continued efforts to break power of the daimyos; became military master of Japan in 1590; died 1598	17
49062177	Tokugawa Ieyasu	Vassal of Toyotomo Hideyoshi; succeeded him as the most powerful military figure in Japan; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate; established political unity in Japan	18
49062178	Edo	Tokugawa capital, modern-day Tokyo; center of Tokugawa shogunate	19
49062179	Deshima	Island port in Nagasaki Bay; the only port open to foreigners, the Dutch, after the 1640s.	20
49062180	School of National Learning	18th-century ideology that emphasized Japan's unique historical experience and the revival of indigenous culture at the expense of Confucianism and other Chinese influences	21
49062181	Caravels	Slender, long-hulled vessels utilized by Portuguese; highly maneuverable and able to sail against the wind; key to development of Portuguese trade empire in Asia	22
49062182	Mercantilism	Economic theory that stressed governments' promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues; popular during 17th and 18th centuries in Europe	23
49062183	Dutch trading empire	The Dutch system extending into Asia with fortified towns and factories, warships on patrol, and monopoly control of a limited number of products.	24
49062184	Friars	Members of Roman Catholic religious orders	25