Chapter 8 Reading Guide Flashcards

49858701	Stateless Societies	African societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states	0
49858702	Ifriqiya	the Arabic name for eastern North Africa	1
49858703	Maghrib	the Arabic name for western North Africa	2
49858704	Almoravids	followers of the Great Puritanical Reformist Movement among the Islamic Berber tribes of northern Africa; reject Sufis; very violent (launch a series of jihads, or holy wars)	3
49858705	Almohadis	followers of a reformist movement among the Islamic Berbers of northern Africa; followed the example of the Almoravids	4
49858706	Sahel	extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara; point of exchange between the forests to the south and northern Africa	5
49858707	Sudanic States	kingdoms that developed during the height of Ghana's power in the region; often had a patriarch; rulers were considered sacred; territorial core area	6
49858708	Mali	empire centered between the Senegal and Niger Rivers; creation of the Malinke peoples; built mosques; atteneded public prayer; supported preachers; economic basis of agriculture; active trade; Sundiata	7
49858709	Juula	Malinke merchants; formed small partnerships to carry out trade throughout Mali Ampire; eventually spread throughout much of western Africa	8
49858710	Sundiata	"the Lion Prince"; a member of the Keita Clan; created a unified state that became the Mali Empire	9
49859406	Timbuktu	port city of Mali; located just off the flood plain on the Great Bend in the Niger River; contained a library and university; book trade became the most lucrative business	10
49859407	Songhay	successor state to Mali; dominated Middle reaches of Niger Valley; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali	11
49859408	Muhammad the Great	Islamic ruler of the mid-16th century; extended the boundaries of the Songhay Empire	12
49859409	Sharia	Islamic Law; defined among other things the patrilineal nature of Islamic inheritance	13
49860803	Zenj	the Arabic name for the East African coast	14
49860804	Nok	culture featuring realistic and highly developed art style in forests of central Nigeria	15
49860805	Yoruba States	city-states that developed in northern Nigeria; artistic style possibly related to earlier Nok culture; agricultural society supported by peasantry and dominated by ruling family and aristocracy	16
49860806	Benin	important political and entity until the 19th century; Aba, ruler, lived in large royal compund; distinctive style of bronze casting	17
49860807	Kongo	kingdom based on agriculture; formed on lower Kongo River; capital at Mbanza Kongo; ruled by hereditary monarchy	18
49860808	Great Zimbabwe	featured royal courts made of stone; created centralized state; king took title "Mwene Mutapa"	19
49860809	Mansa Musa	on his journey of the Hajj, spread wealth and knowledge of Mali throughout the Islamic world; from Mecca, brought back and incorporated many new ideas	20