Classical Civilizations 100-110 Flashcards

32377636	aryans	moved south to area between himalayas and ganges, then to the deccan plateau	0
32377637	caste	social class of hereditary and usually unchangable status (term used by portuguese)	1
32377638	brahmin	represented purusha's mouth	2
32377639	brahmin	priests and scholars	3
32377640	brahmin	top varna	4
32377641	kshatriya	warriors and government officials	5
32377642	kshatriya	second highest varna	6
32377643	kshatriya	represents purusha's arms	7
32377644	vaishya	represents purusha's thighs	8
32377645	vaishya	second lowest varna	9
32377646	vaishya	landowners,merchants,and artisans	10
32377647	shudra	represent purushas feet	11
32377648	shudra	peasants and laborers	12
32377649	shudra	lowest varna	13
32377650	varna	sanskrit word meaning colour used by aryans to refer to social classes	14
32377651	jati	further subdivisions of castes	15
32377652	vedas	religious texts passed down from generation to generation of aryans	16
32377653	rig veda	most important veda	17
32377654	upanishads	texts speaking of a universal, eternal, and unchanging spirit	18
32377655	brahman	universal and unchanging spirit	19
32377656	atman	human spirit	20
32377657	hinduism	religion of most people today in indian subcontinent	21
32377658	buddhism	religion founded by siddhartha gautma	22
32377659	siddhartha gautma	founded buddhism	23
32377660	buddha	"the enlightened one"	24
32377661	ashoka	greatest ruler of the mauryan dynasty, converted to buddhism	25
32377662	mauryan dynasty	larger, farther spreading indian dynasty	26
32377663	gupta empire	smaller, less spreading empire of india, less bureaucracy, more autonomy	27
32377664	silk road	major trade route extending from xi'an to tarim basin	28
32377665	stirrup	technology invented in afghanistan, spread along silk road	29
32377666	lateen sail	roughly triangular sail with squared off points	30
32377667	indian ocean maritime system	SE china to SE asia,SE asia to east india, west india to africa and red sea	31
32377668	sahara trade routes	trade routes established across sahara desert	32
32377669	camels	main change allowing trade over sahara	33
32377670	the huns	agressive nomads who expanded first into china then later into all over asia and mesopotamia	34
32377671	attila	leader of the huns	35
32377672	germanic people	displaced by huns and inspired to make advances on rome bby the huns successful attacks on rome. these people eventually moved west into western europe to establish kingdoms tyhat would later become europena countries.	36
32377673	bantu	these people were displaced by desertification in the sahara and spread their ideas of iron metallurgy, agriculture, and language all over subsaharan africa	37
32377674	polynesians	these people settled almost every habitable island in the pacific ocean. there are no written records of these people	38
32377675	polynesians	these people used boats made of two canoes carrying a platform and large triangular sails	39
32377676	the fall of the great empires	the following contributed to this: attacks by nomadic groups, serious internal problems, and problems of interdependence	40
32377677	christianity	the main religiion of rome at the time of its collapse, and part of the reason the empire vanished entirely instead of simply losing its political stability.	41