AP World History Chapter 1 Vocab Flashcards

208270956	Paleolithic Age	The Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 BCE, typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence.	0
208270957	Homo Sapiens	The humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the paleolithic period.	1
208270958	Neolithic Age	The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 BCE period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished	2
208270959	Neolithic Revolution	The succession of technological Innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500 - 3500 BCE	3
208270960	Hunting and Gathering	The original human economy; ultimately eclipsed by agriculture; groups hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts, and berries.	4
208270961	Bronze Age	From about 4000 BCE, when bronze tools were first introduced in the middle east, to about 1500 BCE, when Iron began to replace it.	5
208270962	Slash and Burn Agriculture	A system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators, forest floors cleared by fire and then replanted.	6
208270963	Band	A level of social organization normal consisting of 20 to 30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided on a gender basis.	7
208270964	Catal Huyuk	Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; was larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification.	8
208270965	Civilization	Societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses and existence of non farming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups.	9
208270966	Cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.	10
208270967	Nomads	Cattle and sheep herding societies normally found on the fringe of civilized societies, commonly referred to as barbarian by civilized societies.	11
208270968	Mesopotamia	Literally between the rivers, the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river Valleys.	12
208270969	Sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 4000 BCE, created first civilization within region, organized into city states.	13
208270970	Ziggurats	Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes.	14
208270971	City State	A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by urban based king.	15
208270972	Babylonian Empire	Unified all of Mesopotamia c. 1800 BCE; collapsed due to foreign invasion c. 1600 B.C.E	16
208270973	Hammurabi	The most important ruler of the Babylonian Empire, responsible for codification of law.	17
208270974	Pharoah	Title of Kings of Ancient Egypt.	18
208270975	Pyramids	Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs.	19
208270976	Kush	An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 BCE conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries.	20
208270977	Indus River Valley	River sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian sea; location of Harrappan civilization.	21
208270978	Harappa	Along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the Harrappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern.	22
208270979	Mohenjo Daro	Along with Harappa, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern.	23
208270980	Yellow River	Also known as the Huanghe; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China.	24
208270981	Shang	First Chinese dynasty for which archaeological evidence exists; capital located in ordos bulge of the Huanghe.	25
208270982	Oracles	Shamans or priests in Chinese Society who foretold the future through interpretations of animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing.	26
208270983	Ideographs	Pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing.	27
208270984	Phoenicians	Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the Eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean.	28
208270985	Monotheism	The exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into western civilization.	29