AP World History Chap 2 Flashcards

208791199	Qin	A people and state in the Wei Valley of eastern China that conquered rival states and created the first Chinese empire (221-206 B.C.E.). The Qin ruler, Shi Huangdi, standardized many features of Chinese society and enslaved subjects. (163)	0
208791200	Shi Huangdi	Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization. (163)	1
208791201	Warring States Period	the period from 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC when regional warlords battled amongst eachother and there was no ruler	2
208791202	Confucious	A Chinese philosopher of the Zhou Dynasty, developed a code of behavior based on old traditions, good behavior, and truth.	3
208791203	Mencius	major follower of Confucius; stressed that humans were essentially good and that governments required the consent of their subjects.	4
208791204	Sunzi	A 4th century BCE advisor to Chinese monarch, who wrote the classic treatise The Art of War.	5
208791205	Laozi	the "Old Master" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature; he founded Taoism (Daoism)	6
208791206	Daoism	Chinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature.	7
208791207	Legalists	Chinese philosophy believed that people were evil by nature and that only strict laws and harsh punishments would make society better.	8
208791208	Great Wall	Chinese defensive fortification built to keep out northern nomadic invaders; began during the reign of Shi Huangdi.	9
208791209	Liu Bang	helped overthrow Qin dynasty, 1st emperor of the Han dynasty, was born a peasant and worked way up to emperor	10
208791210	Han	imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time) from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy	11
208791211	Scholar-gentry	Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China.	12
208791212	Secret Societies	Chinese peasant organizations; provided financial support in hard times and physical protection in case of disputes with local aristocracy.	13
208791213	Forbidden City	a walled section of Beijing that encloses the palace that was formerly the residence of the emperor of China	14
208791214	Wang Mang	ruled for a child emporer then takes over (9 AD - 23 AD) sets up graineries for the poor, new money, because of land reforms people didn't like him; 11AD = bad flood (he was blamed); he was assasinated	15
208791215	Eunuchs	castrated males used within households of Chinese emperors, usually to guard his concubines; became a political counterbalance to powerful marital relatives during later Han rule.	16