APWH 9/16/11 Vocab quiz Flashcards

209027549	Muhammad	the prophet believed by Muslims to be the channel for the final unfolding of God's revelation to mankind: popularly regarded as the founder of Islam	0
209027550	Muslim	a follower of the religion of Islam	1
209027551	Quran	the sacred text of Islam, divided into 114 chapters, or suras: revered as the word of God, dictated to Muhammad by the arch angel Gabriel, and accepted as the foundation of Islamic law, religion, culture and politics	2
209027552	Five Pillars	the basic precepts of Islam, including belief in Allah and Muhammad the prophet, prayer, charity or almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimmage to Mecca containing a sacred black stone: regarded by Muslims as the House of God and the objective of their pilgrimmages	3
209027553	Sunni	a member of one of the two great religious divisions of Islam, regarding the first four caliphs as legitimate successors of Muhammad and stressing the importance of Sunna as a basis for law	4
209027554	hijra	the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution A.D.622; beginning of Muslim Era	5
209027555	Umayyad	member of a Muslim dynasty which ruled the caliphate 661-750 CE and in 756 CE founded an emirate in Spain	6
209027556	Ulama	a body of Muslim scholars or religious leaders	7
209027557	Harun al-Rushid	the fifth Arab Abbasid Caliph in Iraq	8
209027558	sufi	an adherent of any varioius Muslim mystical orders or teachings, which emphasize the direct personal experience of God	9
209027559	"seal of the prophets"	a title given to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by a verse in the Quran	10
209027560	Arab	a member of a Semitic people originally inhabiting Arabia, who spread throughout the Middle East, N Africa, and Spain during the 7th and 8th centuries AD	11
209027561	Islam	the religious faith of Muslims, based on the words and religious system founded by Muhammad and taught by the Koran, the basic principle of which is absolute submission to a unique and personal god	12
209027562	dar al-Islam	"the home of Islam"	13
209027563	jihad	a holy war undertaken as a sacred duty by Muslims	14
209027564	hajj	the pilgrimmage to Mecca, which every adult Muslim is supposed to make at least once in his or her lifetime	15
209027565	caliph	a spiritual leader of Islam, claiming succession from Muhammad	16
209027566	Shia	the Shi'ites; a member of one of the two great religious divisions of Islam that regards Ali, the son-in-law of Muhammad, as the legitimate successor of Muhammad, and disregardss the three caliphs who succeeded him	17
209027567	umma	the Islamic community	18
209027568	Abbasid	a member of a dynasty of caliphs ruling at Baghdad, AD 750-1258, governing most of the Islamic world and claiming descent from Abbas, uncle of Muhammad	19
209027569	qadis	a judge in a Muslim community, whose decisions are based on Islamic religious law	20
209027570	sultan	the sovreign of an Islamic country	21
209027571	Ibn Rushd/Averroes	Arab philosopher in Spain	22
209027572	Belisarius	505-565 AD; Byzantine general under Justinian I. He recovered North Africa from the Vandals and Italy from the ostrogoths and led forces against the persians	23
209027573	Balkans	the countries in the Balkan peninsula: Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, and the European part of Turkey	24
209027574	Greek-fire	an incendiary mixture of unknown composition, used in warfare in medieval times by Byzantins Greeks	25
209027575	Hagia Sophia	a 6th century masterpiece of Byzantine architecture in Istanbul; built as a Christian church, converted to a mosque in 1453, and made into a museum in the middle of the 20th century	26
209027576	Procopium	Greek historian in AD 490-562	27
209027577	Icons	a picture, image, of other representative	28
209027578	Theodora and Zoe	Byzantine empress; consort of Justinian I in AD 508-548(Theodora); Zoe is a name meaning life	29
209027579	Constantinople	the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Empire in AD 476	30
209027580	Tsar	an emperor or king	31
209027581	Justinian	AD 483-565; Byzantine emperor	32
209027582	Iconoclasm	a person who attacks cherished beliefs, traditional institutions, etc., as being based on error or superstition	33
209027583	Cyrillic alphabet	The alphabet used for writing the Russian language and several related languages. Most of its letters differ from those in the Latin alphabet, which is used to write English and other western European languages.	34
209027584	Orthodox Christian	a religious person from the Orthodox Church who believes that God revealed himself in Jesus Christ and also affirms the incarnation of Christ, his crucifixion and resurrection	35
209027585	Bulgaria	a republic in SE Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula on the Black Sea: under Turkish rule from 1395 until 1878; became an independent kingdom in 1908 and a republic in 1946	36
209027586	Constantine	Roman emperor 324-337: named Constantinople as the new capital; legally sanctioned Christian worship.	37
209027587	Basil II	a Byzantine emperor from the Macedonian dynasty who reigned from 10 January 976 to 15 December 1025.	38
209027588	Theodora	a.d. 508-548, Byzantine empress: consort of Justinian I.	39
209027589	Byzantine Empire	the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Empire in a.d. 476	40
209027590	Cyril and Methodius	two Byzantine Greek brothers born in Thessaloniki in the 9th century. They became missionaries of Christianity among the Slavic peoples of Bulgaria, Great Moravia and Pannonia. Through their work they influenced the cultural development of all Slavs, for which they received the title "Apostles to the Slavs". They are credited with devising the Glagolitic alphabet, the first alphabet used to transcribe Old Church Slavonic	41
209027591	Magyars	a member of the ethnic group, of the Finno-Ugric stock, that forms the predominant element of the population of Hungary	42
209027592	church	a building for public Christian worship.	43
209027593	Manzikert	Manzikert was the site of a crushing and demoralizing defeat of Byzantine forces led by the Emperor Romanus IV by Seljuk Turks led by Alp Arslan in 1071. Its significance to the crusading movement stems from the fact that the defeat revealed the weakness of the Byzantine Empire to Muslim invasion and engendered a greater willingness on the part of the Byzantine Empire to consider and eventually request military aid from the West	44