AP World History Chapter 9 Flashcards
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| 96684715 | Charlemagne | the first Christian emperor of western medieval Europe | 0 | |
| 96684716 | medieval | "middle age" era in Europe from 500-1500 | 1 | |
| 96684717 | Byzantine Empire | Eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century and onward | 2 | |
| 96684718 | Kievan Russia | State established at Kiev in Ukraine by Scandinavian adventurers | 3 | |
| 96684719 | schism | formal split in a religious community | 4 | |
| 96684720 | manor | a large self-sufficient landholding consisting of the lord's residence, outbuildings, peasant villages and surrounding lands | 5 | |
| 96684721 | serf | agricultural workers that belonged to the manor and obligated to work for manor's lord | 6 | |
| 96684722 | fief | a grant of land in return for a pledge to provide military service | 7 | |
| 96684723 | vassal | a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord | 8 | |
| 96684724 | papacy | central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the Pope was the head | 9 | |
| 96684725 | Holy Roman Empire | Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes | 10 | |
| 96684726 | investiture controversy | Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands | 11 | |
| 96684727 | monasticism | Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience and poverty | 12 | |
| 96684728 | horse collar | Harnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the horse's neck to its shoulders | 13 | |
| 96684729 | Crusades | Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule | 14 | |
| 96684730 | pilgrimage | Journey to a sacred shrine by Christians seeking to show their piety, fulfill vows, or gain absolution for sins | 15 |